微波有机合成及在混凝土减水剂制备中的应用研究进展  

Microwave organic synthesis and its application in concrete water-reducing agent

作　　者：房奎圳 张力冉[2] 王栋民[1] 王启宝[1] 王芳[1] 黄春龙 FANG Kuizhen;ZHANG Liran;WANG Dongmin;WANG Qibao;WANG Fang;HUANG Chunlong(School of Chemical&Environmental Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Beijing 10083,China;Department of Civil Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京100083 [2]清华大学土木工程系,北京100084

出　　处：《化工进展》2018年第4期1575-1583,共9页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51572293)

摘　　要：微波辐射作为反应活化的新型能源,已成为有机化学中普遍应用的先进技术。本文从过热、热点和选择性加热以及高极化场下的非热效应4方面阐述微波有机合成机理,结合国内外应用案例进行理论验证。重点从反应动力学角度分析了微波辐射对提高混凝土减水剂品质上的作用效果,总结了近几年微波辅助合成减水剂的研究进展,旨在推动微波技术在水泥混凝土外加剂领域中的实际应用。最后,提出微波辐射通过在电磁场作用下极性分子的快速振动实现,其热效应对体系起深层加热作用,非热效应改变反应动力学,但对作用的反应体系具有"选择性",应着重分析。微波辅助合成减水剂具有显著优势,可增大反应速率常数且存在非热效应,应加深研究及进一步推广。Microwave radiation,as the new energy for reaction activations,has become an advanced and commonly used technology in the organic chemistry.The mechanism of microwave organic synthesis is elaborated from the aspects of overheating,hot spots selective heating,and the non-thermal effect under highly polarizing field.This paper analyzed the effect of microwave irradiation on the quality of concrete water-reducing agent from the perspective of reaction kinetics,and summarized the recent research progress of microwave-assisted synthetic water-reducing agent,which aimed to promote the practical application of microwave technology in the field of cement concrete admixture.Finally,it was proposed that the microwave radiation was realized by the rapid vibration of the polar molecules under the action of the electromagnetic field.The thermal effect of the microwave radiation is the deep heating to the system.The non-thermal effect alters the reaction kinetics,but it is“selective”to the reaction system.Microwave-assisted synthetic water-reducing agent has a significant advantage,can increase the reaction rate constant,and has non-thermal effect,which should be further studied and promoted.

关 键 词：微波辐射 过热 热点 选择性加热 非热效应 动力学 减水剂 

分 类 号：TU528.01[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]