语言是交流和认同的工具——解读中外学者有关语言识别问题的争议  

Language as a Tool of Communication and Identifi cation

作　　者：徐大明[1] Xu Daming

机构地区：[1]澳门大学人文学院,澳门999078

出　　处：《语言战略研究》2018年第2期16-26,共11页Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning

基　　金：北京语言大学语言资源高精尖创新中心立项课题"语言识别理论及语言数量统计的方法论研究"(KYR17018);澳门大学研究委员会立项课题"澳门语言资源与语言管理研究"(MYRG2017-00161-FAH);"澳门;香港;珠海的语言接触与认同形成"(MYRG2015-000205-FAH)

摘　　要：不同的语言观带来不同的语言识别方法和实践。将语言仅仅作为沟通工具的语言观导致依据沟通度方法的"过度识别"结果。结合社会文化因素和语言结构因素的识别方法在中国积累了成功的经验,在国际上却招致"政治导向"的质疑。语言作为言语社区的沟通和认同工具的认识或可解决有关争议。社会文化因素的相关性既体现在沟通也体现在认同的差异之上。认同和沟通的共构形成社区的语言;而语言和民族的共构则成为落后于时代的语言规划观。The disputes on the methods and results of language identifi cation are traced to different defi nitions of language.The understanding that language is no more than a tool of communication leads to the“over-identifi cation”of languages relying on the method of mutual intelligibility.The method of linguistic and socio-cultural analysis has proven to be successful in China but received criticisms internationally for“being politically motivated”.The theory of speech community contributes to the resolution of the controversy by its defi ning of a language as a tool of communication and identifi cation of a speech community.Under such theoretical perspective,social and cultural gaps make differences in speech communication and language identities,which constitute the boundaries of speech community.The theory renders the co-identifi cation of language and nationality obsolete and thus dissolves the arguments based on such co-identifi cation.

关 键 词：语言识别 语言观 沟通度 语言认同 言语社区 

分 类 号：H002[语言文字—语言学]