汉语反问句在会话交际中的信息调节功能分析  

A Study on the Coordination of Chinese Rhetorical Question in Conversation

作　　者：张文贤[1] 乐耀 Zhang Wenxian;Yue Yao(School of Chinese as a Second Language,Peking University,Beijing 1008712;Department of Chinese Language and Literature,College of Humanities,Xiamen University,Xiamen Fujian 361005)

机构地区：[1]北京大学对外汉语教育学院,北京100871 [2]厦门大学人文学院中文系,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《语言科学》2018年第2期147-159,共13页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目(14AYY015)资助

摘　　要：以不同的事件信息类型(A、B-events),即交际双方对信息的认识状态的不同为出发点,可以更好地对汉语反问句的使用情况进行描写,能够分析反问句如何协调共同背景从而推进信息的交流。基于不同事件信息类型的反问句的语言形式和语用功能在使用时显现出的特点,也可以判断反问句是否有疑,如果是基于Bevents的反问句,可能会有疑,而其他类型的反问句则无疑。另外,反问句在交际互动中呈现出礼貌程度的等级差异,其中基于AB-events的反问句礼貌程度最高,而基于O-events的礼貌程度最低。文章强调,对反问句的研究离不开它所处的真实言谈环境。The paper describes the context of Chinese rhetorical questions from the viewpoint of A/B-events theory,i.e.,the different epistemic status of interactants.Chinese rhetorical questions coordinate the speaker's common ground and facilitate information exchange.Based on the different event types,Chinese rhetorical questions show special characteristics both in language forms and pragmatic functions.Whether a sentence carries any interrogative meaning depends on the rhetorical question's event types.If it is a B-event rhetorical question,maybe it carries such meaning.Other event types do not imply interrogative meanings.This study sets up scales for politeness,with the AB-event rhetorical questions being the most polite and the O-event rhetorical questions the most impolite.It emphasizes the importance of studying Chinese rhetorical questions in spontaneous spoken dialogue.

关 键 词：反问 信息交流 立场表达 礼貌等级 会话互动 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]