原初的宿命:人类起源神话比较视域下藏族始祖神话的性别想象  

Original Foreordination: Gender Imagination of Tibetan Ancestor Myth Under Mortal Original Myth Comparative Perspective

作　　者：徐美恒[1] Xu Meiheng(Literature Department of Teaching Center,Tianjin Radio and TV University 300191,China)

机构地区：[1]天津广播电视大学教学中心,天津300191

出　　处：《西藏研究》2018年第1期98-106,共9页Tibetan Studies

摘　　要：藏族的始祖神话经历了从"猴子与哲塞姆"到"猕猴与罗刹女"的演变,动力源于吐蕃政权意识形态的转型,即佛教取代苯教。在社会意识形态转变过程中,重构社会文化的冲动改写了既有文化资源,使原初部族起源的性别想象所蕴含的人类文化信息被打上了佛教烙印,由原来的母系关系确定条件下追寻父系的情况,演变为神化父系、妖魔化母系的情况。这种演变的本质是父权制社会男性中心地位确立后,制造男性话语霸权的结果。比较藏族的始祖神话与女娲造人和亚当与夏娃传说的异同,从文学研究的母题与原型角度,可以把握到不同民族文化的性别想象的原初宿命,其如隐秘的基因,为人们解开后世文学中性别想象特点提供原始密码。The Tibetan ancestor myth has developed from“Monkey and Zhesaimu”to“Macaque and Raksasi”.This development was motivated by the ideology transition inTubo Dynasty,Which is the replacement of Bun by Buddhism.In the process of social ideology transition,the impulsion of sociocultural reconstruction has rewritten established cultural resources:the human cultural information that embodied in the gender imagination in the originaltribal myth“Monkey and Zhesaimu”was completely subverted,and it turned from tracing patrilineality under determined matrilineal relationships to apotheosizing patrilineality and demonizing matrilineality.The essence of this transition is the formation of male supremacy after the establishment of patriarchal society.If comparing the Tibetan ancestor myth,the myth of Nüwa,and the Legend of Adam and Eve from the perspective of archetypal and motif in literary studies,the original fate of gender imagination in different ethnic cultures,which is as the hidden genes,can be grasped and then serve asthe primal codeto unlock features of gender imagination in later literature.

关 键 词：藏族始祖神话 性别想象 文化基因演变 

分 类 号：I29[文学—中国文学]