我国中原至华北平原冬季雾-霾与北半球大气环流异常  

Winter Fog-haze over the Central Plains and Northern China Plain Associated With Atmospheric Circulation Anomaly in Northern Hemisphere

作　　者：王洁 王继志[2] 王宏[2] 陈怀亮[3] 杨元琴[2] 张梦[4] Wang Jie;Wang Jizhi;Wang Hong;Chen Huailiang;Yang Yuanqin;Zhang Meng(National Meteorological Information Center,Beijing 100081,China;Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Henan Provincial Meteorological Bureau,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Beijing Meteorological Bureau,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]国家气象信息中心,北京100081 [2]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081 [3]河南省气象局,郑州450003 [4]北京市气象局,北京100084

出　　处：《气象与环境科学》2017年第4期1-8,共8页Meteorological and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：科技部大气污染专项项目(2016YFC0203306);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2014CB441201);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY(QX)20150600-7)资助

摘　　要：采用2000—2017年1月地面和高空观测基本气象要素(气压、温度、湿度、风、能见度和雾-霾天气现象等)观测信息、1980—2016年1月NCEP再分析资料等,基于气候平均态的环流异常特征分析,发展对平均气候态出现异常变化的综合诊断分析方法,研究华北地区冬季典型雾-霾多寡年大气环流的三维结构及其遥相关异常特征。结果表明:2000—2017年冬季1月,华北平原、中原等黄河中下游地区冬季雾-霾的发生日数呈增加趋势,雾-霾发生日数线性增加拟合趋势相关确认系数为R2=0.36,超过0.001的显著性水平。基于气候平均态环流异常特征分析表明,华北平原、中原等黄河中下游地区雾-霾污染出现多、寡年的对流层大气大尺度环流分布差异显著。气候平均态的环流异常特征分析表明,多雾-霾年,在冬季1月影响中国的冷空气主要路径上,自极地区泰米尔半岛,经中西伯利亚、贝加尔湖地区到中国东部区域,对流层中层与高层位势高度距平呈现"高—低—高"的分布,在低层则出现"东高西低"的气候平均态异常分布;少雾-霾年,该分布型不复存在,并出现反位相特征。多雾-霾年的这种异常环流分布型可为中原至华北平原冬季雾-霾的频发提供有利的气候背景,是该区域冬季雾-霾多发的重要原因。Using the data of surface and upper air observations(pressure,temperature,humidity,wind,visibility and fog-haze weather phenomenon,etc.)during the years of 2000 2017 and NCEP reanalysis data in January for the years 1980 2016,based on index of climate anomaly circulation analyzing,the 3D-structures and its characteristics of general atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with typical high and low frequency years of winter fog-haze weather in the Northern China Plain has been studied.Results were as follows.The fog-haze days occurring in the Central Plains and Northern China Plain winter showed an increasing trend in January for the years 2000 2017,the correlation coefficient was 0.36,exceeded 0.001 of the significant level.Analyses based on an average climate state indicated that the general atmospheric circulation anomalies distribution in the more haze years and less haze years are significantly different.During the high frequency fog-haze years,the geopotential height anomaly in the mid-upper troposphere showed a pattern of“high-low-high”anomaly distribution occurred in January cold air path from the polar regions of Tamil peninsula,across the Lake Baikal in central Siberia,to the area of the East of China,and in the lower troposphere showed a pattern of“east high-west low”.During the low frequency fog-haze years,this distribution pattern did not exist,and showed an anti-phase character.The anomaly pattern during high frequency fog-haze years could provide a favorable climate background and was an important cause of the frequent occurrences of fog-haze events in the Central Plains and Northern China Plain.

关 键 词：中原与华北平原 冬季雾-霾 北半球环流 对流层环流三维结构 “高低高”距平分布 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]