二维黑磷物理性质及化学稳定性的研究进展  

Research Progress on Physical Properties and Chemical Stability of Two-dimensional Black Phosphorus

作　　者：贾蕾 雷天民 JIA Lei;LEI Tianmin(School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology,Xidian University,Xi’an 710071)

机构地区：[1]西安电子科技大学先进材料与纳米科技学院,西安710071

出　　处：《材料导报》2018年第7期1100-1106,共7页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家科技重大专项资助项目(2011ZX02707)

摘　　要：1914年科研工作者首次合成了黑磷的块体形式。在黑磷沉寂了100年之后,2014年人们成功地将其薄化到少层状态,得到了新型二维纳米材料——二维黑磷。它是由磷原子堆叠而成的单一元素的二维层状半导体材料,具有合适的可控直接带隙、高的载流子迁移率、高的漏电流调制率、较高的开关电流比、良好的导电导热能力和明显的平面各向异性等性质,在低维无机半导体领域备受关注。二维黑磷是一种具有众多优异性质的内禀p型材料,但在空气中的不稳定性使得目前还不能分离得到大面积磷烯(即单原子层黑磷)薄膜,这限制了二维黑磷的应用。本文综述了自2014年以来国内外关于二维黑磷的研究进展,系统介绍了二维黑磷的结构、制备与性质,重点归纳了包括电学性质、光学性质、力学性质、热学性质和磁学性质在内的物理性质及化学稳定性。最后总结并展望了二维黑磷作为电子材料的广阔前景。Black phosphorus was first successfully synthesized in the bulk form in 1914.After remaining silent for 100 years,the novel 2D-nanomaterial formed by attenuating bulk black phosphorus into the multilayer state,i.e.2D black phosphorus,was firstly obtained in 2014.This layered 2D semiconductor material consisting of only phosphorus atoms has from then onward been drawing intensive interest in the field of low-dimensional inorganic semiconductor because of its rich variety of special electrical and optical properties such as appropriate tunable direct bandgap,high carrier mobility,high leakage current modulation ratio,relatively high on-off current ratio,good electrical and thermal conductivity and strong in-plane anisotropy.2D black phosphorus is an intrinsic p-type material with a series of excellent properties,but the production of large-area phosphorene(i.e.monolayer black phosp-horus)film has so far remained unrealized due to the instability of 2D black phosphorus.This article intends to make a review of the research progress on 2D black phosphorus.We here introduce systematically the structure,preparation and properties of 2D black phosphorus,also offer a detailed description of its physical properties(electronic,optical,mechanical,thermal,magnetic)and chemical stability.The paper ends with the rough summary and discussion on the research prospect of this emerging new material with sharp momentum.

关 键 词：二维黑磷 物理性质 化学稳定性 磷烯 

分 类 号：O472[理学—半导体物理]