一类准零刚度橡胶隔振器研究  

Research on a Kind of Rubber Isolators with Quasi-zero Stiffness

作　　者：黎瑞和 王国砚[1] 吴同 朱金龙[1] LI Ruihe;WANG Guoyan;WU Tong;ZHU Jinlong(School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;The First Construction Engineering Co.Ltd.,Construction Second Engineering Bureau of China,Beijing 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学航空航天与力学学院,上海200092 [2]中建二局第一建筑工程有限公司,北京100176

出　　处：《噪声与振动控制》2018年第2期225-232,共8页Noise and Vibration Control

摘　　要：设计具有准零刚度特性的碟形橡胶隔振器,分别从模型试验和数值模拟两方面对该系统的刚度特性进行研究。试验包括:利用邵氏硬度为60的天然橡胶制作隔振器和标准拉伸试件,通过单轴试验得到橡胶材料参数;采用静压试验分析隔振器的刚度特性并进行刚度补偿,有效拓宽低刚度区域;构造一个单自由度系统并进行振动试验,比较底直径、厚度、倾角对橡胶隔振器固有频率的影响,指出单个隔振器有效隔振的工作条件。通过刚度补偿解决单个橡胶隔振器失稳的问题,提高承载力并降低系统的固有频率达50%,有效拓宽隔振区间。数值模拟包括:模拟静刚度,即通过位移加载模拟出与实验比较接近的结果,证明有限元建模的有效性;同时验证有关文献中简化公式的有效性,可将其用于前期设计。A disc-shaped rubber isolator with quasi-zero stiffness is designed.The stiffness characteristics of the rubber isolator system are studied by experiment and numerical simulation.In the experiment,typical tensile specimens and isolators of natural rubber with Shore hardness of 60 are prepared.The characteristic of the rubber material is obtained by uniaxial test.The stiffness characteristic of the isolator is obtained through static stiffness test and the stiffness compensation is carried out,which greatly widen the low stiffness region.A single degree-of-freedom system is constructed for vibration test.The influences of bottom diameter,thickness and inclination of the rubber isolator on the natural frequency of the system are analyzed.Optimal working conditions of the single vibration isolator are pointed out.Through stiffness compensation,the stability problem of the system is solved,the bearing capacity of the rubber isolator is raised,the natural frequency of the system is reduced by 50%,and the isolation range is greatly broadened.Then,numerical simulation of the static stiffness of the rubber isolator is conducted via displacement loading.The results are compared with those of experiment.The effectiveness of the finite element modeling is proved.The validity of some simplified formulas in the existing literatures is verified.And these formulas are recommended for preliminary design of the isolators.

关 键 词：振动与波 准零刚度 橡胶隔振器 静刚度 模型试验 数值模拟 

分 类 号：O328[理学—一般力学与力学基础]