福建乌龙茶园土壤速效氮磷钾丰缺指标与肥力状况评价  

Plentiful and Lack Index of Soil Available Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium and Soil Fertility Evaluation for Oolong Tea Garden in Fujian Province

作　　者：李娟[1] 章明清[1] 尤志明[2] 章赞德 姚建族 苏火贵 刘辽源 LI Juan;ZHANG Ming-qing;YOU Zhi-ming;ZHANG Zan-de;YAO Jian-zu;SU Huo-gui;LIU Liao-yuan(Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science,Fuzhou,Fujian 350013,China;Tea Research Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fu’an,Fujian 355015,China;Datian Cropland Construct and Soil&Fertilizer Station,Datian,Fujian 366100,China;Yongchun Agricultural Technology Popularization Station,Yongchun,Fujian 362600,China;Anxi Soil&Fertilizer Station,Anxi,Fujian 362400,China;Huaan Soil&Fertilizer Station,Huaan,Fujian 363800,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,福建福州350013 [2]福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所,福建福安355015 [3]大田县农田建设与土壤肥料技术推广站,福建大田366100 [4]永春县农业技术推广站,福建永春362600 [5]安溪县土壤肥料技术推广站,福建安溪362400 [6]华安县土壤肥料技术推广站,福建华安363800

出　　处：《茶叶学报》2018年第1期19-25,共7页Acta Tea Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200903);福建省重大科技专项项目(2017NZ0002-1);农业部测土配方施肥项目(2011-2015)

摘　　要：为了制定具有针对性的乌龙茶减肥增效技术模式,本研究通过设置65个氮磷钾田间肥效试验和采集7697个代表性耕层土样进行测定分析,探讨乌龙茶土壤速效氮磷钾丰缺指标和土壤肥力状况。结果表明,乌龙茶土壤碱解氮、Olsen-P和速效钾的高产临界指标分别为245mg·kg^(-1)、34mg·kg^(-1)和114mg·kg^(-1),低产临界指标则分别为126mg·kg^(-1)、13mg·kg^(-1)和69mg·kg^(-1)。土壤pH和有机质含量平均分别为4.3±0.5和21.7±9.2g·kg^(-1),总体上茶园土壤明显偏酸,土壤有机质含量则普遍适中;闽南茶园的酸化程度远高于闽北茶园,但土壤有机质含量大多高于闽北茶园。茶园碱解氮、Olsen-P和速效钾含量平均分别为112.2±61.2mg·kg^(-1)、32.0±47.4mg·kg^(-1)和75.4±48.5 mg·kg^(-1),总体上土壤碱解氮普遍严重缺乏,有效磷含量尚可,速效钾含量明显偏低;平和县和南靖县的茶园土壤有效磷含量普遍达到丰富等级,南安市、大田县、武夷山市和建瓯市则普遍属于缺乏等级。因此,乌龙茶茶园肥力状况具有明显的区域差异,需结合各区域茶园肥力特点制定具有针对性的减肥增效技术模式。To improve the fertilization efficiency at oolong tea plantations in Fujian,65 field experiments were conducted,and 7,697 representative top soil samples analyzed for the study.Soil fertility indicators,such as abundant or deficient indices on available N,P and K,were used in the model construction and evaluation.The critical thresholds on the alkali-hydrolyzable N,Olsen-P,and available K of the soils for high tea yield were determined to be 245 mg·kg-1,34 mg·kg-1,and 114 mg·kg-1,respectively;and,those for low tea yield,126 mg·kg-1,13 mg·kg-1,and 69 mg·kg-1,respectively.The soils were acidic,averaging pH 4.3±0.5;while the contents of organic matters,averaged 21.7±9.2 g·kg-1.Soil acidification at the tea plantations in southern Fujian was significantly more severe than in the northern regions of the province.But,the southern plantations had more organic matters in soil than its northern counterparts.On average,the soils contained 112.2±61.2 mg alkali-hydrolyzable N,32.0±47.4 mg Olsen-P,and 75.4±48.5 mg available K per kg,indicating a serious deficiency on alkali-hydrolyzable N,an adequate supply on available P,and a marginal reserve on available K.The soil at plantations in Pinghe and Nanjing counties was generally rich,while those in Nanan,Wuyishan and Jianou cities as well as Datian county,deficient on available P.The apparent regional variations on fertility made specifically designed fertilization programs necessary to maximize the application efficiency for individual oolong tea plantations in the province.

关 键 词：乌龙茶 土壤 肥力 临界指标 评价 

分 类 号：S147.21[农业科学—肥料学] S571.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]