福建省安溪县铁观音茶园土壤钾素状况  

Study on Soil Potassium Status of Tieguanyin Tea Plantations in Anxi County of Fujian Province

作　　者：吴志丹[1,2] 江福英 尤志明[1,2] 张磊[1] 李刚 WU Zhi-dan;JIANG Fu-ying;YOU Zhi-ming;ZHANG Lei;LI Gang(Tea Research Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Tea Tree and Oolong Tea Processes in Fujian,Ministry of Agriculture,Fu’an, Fujian 355015,China;Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Hilly Red Soil,Fuzhou,Fujian 350013,China;Institute of Urban Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen,Fujian 361021,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所/农业部福建茶树及乌龙茶加工科学观测实验站,福建福安355015 [2]福建省红壤山地农业生态过程重点实验室,福建福州350013 [3]中国科学院城市环境研究所,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《茶叶学报》2018年第1期26-32,共7页Acta Tea Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200900);国家农业产业技术体系(CARS-19);福建省重大科技专项(2017NZ0002);福建省公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2016R1011-4;2018R1012-1);福建省自然科学基金(2015J01150);福建省农业科学院创新团队(STIT2017-1-3)

摘　　要：为更好了解福建省安溪县铁观音茶园土壤钾素营养状况,对安溪县10个茶叶主产乡镇77个铁观音茶园土壤(分0~20cm、20~40cm两层)和相对应茶叶的钾含量进行了调查分析。结果表明,安溪县铁观音茶园土壤全钾含量总体较高,0~20cm土层的全钾含量在1.89~42.45g·kg^(-1)之间,平均12.09g·kg^(-1);20~40cm土层的全钾含量在2.44~40.31g·kg^(-1)之间,平均值12.41g·kg^(-1);潮砂土、粗骨土和黄壤全钾含量较高,而红壤、水稻土、赤红壤全钾含量较低。安溪县铁观音茶园土壤速效钾总体含量较低,0~20cm土层速效钾含量37.89~190.02mg·kg^(-1),平均86.95mg·kg^(-1);20~40cm土层变幅28.25~195.80mg·kg^(-1),平均75.25mg·kg^(-1);粗骨土、红壤、黄壤速效钾含量较高,而赤红壤、潮砂土和水稻土速效钾含量较低。茶叶钾含量11.20~18.03g·kg^(-1),平均值14.87g·kg^(-1)。茶叶中的钾含量与0~20cm、20~40cm土层土壤全钾含量相关关系均不显著,与土壤速效钾含量呈显著的正相关关系。土壤速效钾含量直接影响茶树钾素的吸收和累积,可以作为茶园土壤钾素供应水平的指标,铁观音茶叶钾浓度也可作为茶树钾素营养诊断的一个重要参考指标。The amount of potassium(K)in soils and the K content of the selected tea leaves of 77 Tieguanyin tea(Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze cv.Tieguanyin)plantations at Anxi county,Fujian province were investigated in this study.The aim of this project is to determine the soil K nutrition status of Tieguanyin tea plantations in Anxi county.The results showed that the soil total K content of the Tieguanyin tea plantations were abundant,the content of total K in 0~20 cm soil layer were from 1.89 to 42.45 g·kg-1 with an average of 12.09 g·kg-1,and the content of total K in 20~40 cm soil layer were from 2.44 to 40.31 g·kg-1 with an average of 12.41 g·kg-1.The total K content in fluvo-aquic soils,skeletal soils and yellow soils was high.In contrast,the total K content was low in the red soils,paddy soils,latosolic red soils.The content of available K in soil were low,at 0~20 cm soil layer,the available K content were from 37.89 to190.02 mg·kg-1 with an average of 86.95 mg·kg-1.At 20~40 cm soil layer,the K content were from 28.25 to 195.80 mg·kg-1 with an average of 75.25 mg·kg-1.The available K contents in Skeletal soils,red soils,yellow soils was high,but oppositely the K content was low in the latosolic red soils,fluvo-aquic soils and paddy soils.The K concentrations of tea leaves were from 11.20 to 18.03 g·kg-1 with an average of 14.87 g·kg-1.In this study,there was no significant correlation between the K concentrations of the tea leaves and the total K content in soil.However,there was a significant positive correlation between the K concentrations of the tea leaves and the content of soil available K.The content of soil available K could affect the absorption and accumulation of K in tea plantation directly,thus it is suggested that an index of K supplied level in tea garden soil,and the concentration of K in tea leaves of Tieguanyin could be used as a diagnostic index of K nutrition in tea plantation.

关 键 词：茶园 土壤 钾 安溪县 铁观音 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]