新型喷杆喷雾机伸展折叠机构设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of A New Boom Sprayer Extending and Folding Mechanism

作　　者：宋云 张丽君 陈伟男 李永奎[1] SONG Yun;ZHANG Li-jun;CHEN Wei-nan;LI Yong-kui(College of Engineering,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学工程学院,沈阳110161

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2018年第2期165-172,共8页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划"智能农机装备"重点专项项目(2016YFD0702102-4)

摘　　要：针对目前我国植物保护机械中喷杆喷雾机在伸展折叠时采用较多液压油缸进行控制,喷杆两侧操作同步性不易保证、喷杆喷架稳定性较差及造价相对高等问题,设计了一种单油缸和拉线软轴组合机构来联合控制喷杆的伸展折叠,其主要组成机构为反向倍角旋转折叠机构和移动扩角机构。研究了反向倍角旋转折叠机构的工作原理和干涉现象,为减少喷杆总体质量对反向倍角旋转折叠机构进行优化设计;同时对移动扩角机构的工作原理进行研究,分析其运动过程;并建立拉线软轴安装位置的数学模型,采用向量法研究其运动规律;同时以安装位置(x,y,R)为试验因素,以平稳度为试验指标进行三因素四水平正交试验设计,求解拉线软轴安装的最优位置;并采用Solidworks三维软件建立喷杆机构的虚拟样机模型,采用motion运动仿真对喷杆的运动特性和力学特性进行详细分析。结果表明:拉线软轴安装的最优组合为x=300mm,y=-50mm,R=200mm,此时喷杆平稳度为0.19,运动平稳性最佳。同时虚拟仿真试验表明喷杆大臂和小臂的角速度变化范围均为6~13rad·s^(-1),且数值解一致;喷杆小臂和大臂初速度分别为585mm·s^(-1)及185mm·s^(-1),运动时喷杆小臂速度约为大臂速度的3倍且速度变化规律相同;喷杆小臂相对大臂角位移为-180°~0°成直线分布、马达力受力均匀、转矩弹簧力矩变化为1620N·mm^(-1)、机构能量守恒、运动平稳性最佳,验证了理论分析喷杆大小臂相对位移和向量法计算拉线软轴安装位置参数的正确性,表明机构设计的正确性。研究结果可为结构简单、总体质量小、控制方便的可折叠式大幅宽喷杆喷雾机的设计提供必要的参考。The spray boom in the plant protection machinery are more accustomed to use multi-hydraulic cylinders to control the expansion and folding in China,which results in the problems of asynchronous operation,poor stability of the spray boom and high production cost.So a combination mechanism of single cylinder and guyed flexible shaft that mainly consist of reverse double angle rotary folding mechanism and mobile expansion angle mechanism was designed to control the spray rod.The study on the working principle of reverse double angle rotary folding mechanism and interference phenomenon was to reduce the overall quality of the spray rod for the optimal design of reverse double angle rotary folding mechanism.At the same time the working principle of the mobile expansion angle mechanism and the movement process were studied.The mathematical model of flexible shaft mounting position was established to research the movement by vector method.In order to find the optimal location for cable shaft installation,an orthogonal design for three factors and four levels was carried out by using the position(x,y,R)as the test factors and the stability as test indicators.Then the virtual prototype model of spray bar mechanism was set up on Solidworks,and the motion characteristics and mechanical properties of spray rod were analyzed in detail.The results showed that the optimal combination of the guyed flexible shaft installation was x=300 mm,y=-50 mm,R=200 mm,at this time,the boom stability was 0.19,and the motion stability was the best.At the same time,the virtual simulation test showed that the angular velocity range of the big arm and the small arm of the sprayer was 6rad·s-1 to 13rad·s-1,and the numerical solution was accordance.The initial velocity of the sprayed rod and the large arm was 585 mm·s-1 and 185 mm·s-1,respectively.The speed of the sprayed rod was about 3 times the speed of the large arm and the law of velocity change was the same in motion.The spray rod arm relative big arm angular displacement was linearly dis

关 键 词：喷杆喷雾机 喷臂 机构 正交试验 虚拟样机 

分 类 号：S224.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]