“处可寒”语源考  

Study of Etymology of “Chu ke han”

作　　者：储泰松[1] 张爱云[1] CHU Tai-song;ZHANG Ai-yun(College of Arts,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu Anhui 241002,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学文学院,安徽芜湖241002

出　　处：《安徽师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第3期42-47,共6页Journal of Anhui Normal University(Hum.&Soc.Sci.)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金项目(13YJA740007)

摘　　要：鲜卑语"处可寒/汗"一词中"处",与汉语"尔""唯"同义,表示应诺,但其语源不甚了了。通过梳理中古以前汉语应诺词系统,探讨"唯"类应诺词的流变,发现自南朝开始,"唯"逐渐被"尔"取代,但北方汉语由于长期与阿尔泰语系语言接触,得以保持着早期用法,故而形成北方用"唯"、南方用"尔"的格局。通过文献对比可以发现,鲜卑语"处"与汉语的"唯"类应诺词存在语音对应关系,阿尔泰语系各语言的应诺词是中古鲜卑语"处"的直接后裔或者是借自汉语"唯"。The word“chu ke han(处可寒)”stemmed from the Sienpi language,and“chu(处)”was considered as an interjection just like“er(尔)”and“wei(唯)”in Chinese,but its etymology has not been discovered till now.Through interjection system in Chinese before medieval,the evolution of interjection is discussed,such as“wei(唯)”.“Wei(唯)”was replaced gradually by“er(尔)”from the Southern Dynasties in southern Chinese,but the northern Chinese continued to use“wei(唯)”,partly because they enjoyed a similar phonetic form with Altaic languages.Through the literature comparison,it is found that there is a phonetic correspondence between“chu(处)”and“wei(唯)”,and the interjections which express the meaning of“reply”or“answer”in Altaic languages are the direct descendants of“chu(处)”in Sienpi language or borrow from the Chinese form“wei(唯)”.

关 键 词：处 唯 应诺词 语源 鲜卑语 《魏书》 

分 类 号：H039[语言文字—语言学]