呼伦湖流域地表水与地下水离子组成特征及来源分析  

Component Characteristics and Sources of Ions in Surface Water and Groundwater of Hulun Lake Basin

作　　者：韩知明 贾克力[1] 孙标[1] 赵胜男[1] 李国华 吴其慧 HAN Zhiming;JIA Keli;SUN Biao;ZHAO Shengnan;LI Guohua;WU Qihui(Water conservancy and civil engineering college of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2018年第4期744-751,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51339002;51509133;51569019;51669022);内蒙古农业大学优秀青年科学基金项目(2014XYQ-10)

摘　　要：通过对2017年4月连续采集的呼伦湖湖水、入湖河水、周边地下水与同年降水的主要离子进行水化学分析,结合呼伦湖流域水文地质资料,综合运用统计分析、相关性分析、Piper三角图、Gibbs图及离子比等方法分析了呼伦湖流域地表水与地下水主要离子组成特征及来源。结果表明,呼伦湖流域地表水与地下水水化学组成中优势阴离子为HCO_3^-与Cl^-,优势阳离子组成特征不同。其中,湖水与地下水主要由Na^+与Mg^(2+)组成;河水主要由Na^+、Ca^(2+)组成。湖水与河水TDS值变化范围分别为695~852 mg·L^(-1)与42~193mg·L^(-1),变化范围小,地下水TDS值变化范围为248~4610mg·L^(-1),分布差异明显。流域水体主要受碳酸盐与蒸发岩风化溶解共同作用控制,地下水TDS值变化主要受流域地质条件产生控制下的蒸发作用影响,蒸发作用强度为:呼伦湖湖水>东岸地下水>南岸地下水>西岸地下水>河水。呼伦湖流域水体中的离子的主要来源及其变化特征不受大气降水的控制,呼伦湖流域水体中NO_3^-与SO_4^(2-)的来源方式不同,研究区周围硝矿场的污染是导致部分地下水NO_3^-含量超标的主要因素,牧民存储草垛与牛粪堆的不合理方式也是造成地下水中NO_3^-污染因素之一。The component characteristics and sources of ions in the surface water,groundwater and rain of Hulun lake basin are analyzed using the data of April in 2017 by the methods of statistics,Piper and Gibbs diagram as well as ion ratio.The results show that the dominant anions compositions in surface water and groundwater in the Hulun Basin are HCO3-and Cl-,and the dominant cation compositions are different.The dominant cation of the lake water and groundwater are Na+and Mg2+.The dominant cation of the river water are Na+,Ca2+.The TDS value in lake water and river water ranges from 695 to 852 mg·L-1 and 42 to 193 mg·L-1,respectively,the range of change is small.The TDS value of groundwater in the areas around Hulun Lake ranges from 248 to 4 610 mg·L-1,with significant differences in distribution.The water body of the watershed is mainly controlled by the combined action of carbonate and evaporite weathering and dissolution.The change of the TDS value in groundwater is mainly influenced by the evaporation,which is under the control of the geological conditions of the river basin,the evaporation intensity is:Hulun Lake>East Bank Groundwater>South Bank Groundwater>West Bank Groundwater>River.The main source of ions in the water of the Hulun Lake Basin and its changing characteristics are not controlled by atmospheric precipitation.The sources of NO3-and SO4 2-in the water of Hulun Basin are different.The pollution of the nitrification field around the study area is the main factor causing the excessive NO3-content in groundwater.Herders'unreasonable storage way of grasshoppers and shard is also one of the factors causing NO3-pollution in groundwater.

关 键 词：呼伦湖 河水 地下水 离子特征 来源分析 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学]