晚播条件下小麦籽粒产量、硬度与蛋白质含量对品种、施氮量和密度的响应  

Response of grain yield,hardness and protein content to cultivar,nitrogen fertilizer rate and plant density under late sowing condition

作　　者：胡文静[1] 程顺和[1] 高致富[1] 吴荣林[1] 陆成彬[1] HU Wen-jing;CHENG Shun-he;GAO Zhi-fu;WU Rong-lin;LU Cheng-bin(Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Lixiahe District in Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River,Ministry o f Agriculture, Yangzhou 225007,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所/农业部长江中下游小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,江苏扬州225007

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2018年第2期245-250,共6页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0101802);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-3-2-11);扬州市现代农业项目(YZ2016033)

摘　　要：为明确长江中下游地区小麦晚播应对栽培措施,设计裂区试验,研究晚播小麦籽粒产量、硬度和蛋白质含量对品种、氮肥和密度的响应。结果表明,晚播条件下,3个供试品种中以扬麦16千粒质量最高,产量也最高;施氮量对穗粒数和千粒质量影响不显著,却显著影响穗数从而显著影响产量;密度对产量三要素影响显著,随密度增加,穗粒数和千粒质量降低,穗数增加,以高密度处理产量最高。品种间籽粒硬度差异显著,施氮量和密度均显著调控籽粒蛋白质含量。可见,晚播条件下宜选用千粒质量较高的品种,并控制适宜施氮量,提高播种密度,通过增加穗数,协调产量三要素,降低晚播对小麦产量的不利影响;硬度主要受品种基因型控制,受施氮量和种植密度影响较小,可作为小麦品种品质筛选的重要指标。To optimize management measures for late sowing wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River area,the experiment was conducted with the split plot design to study the responses of grain yield,hardness and protein content of late sowing wheat to cultivars,nitrogen fertilizer rates and plant density.The results showed that among the three tested cultivars,the1000-grain weight was the highest,which was paralleling with the highest yield in Yangmai16.Nitrogen fertilizer rates insignificantly affected grain number per spike and1000-grain weight,while significantly affected the panicle number and finally affected the grain yield.The density had significant effect on the three yield components.The spikelet number and grain weight would be decreased with the increasing of the plant density.The highest grain was achieved under the treatment of the highest plant density.The grain hardness had significant difference among the three culti vars.Protein content was significantly affected by nitrogen fertilizer rates and plant density.In conclusion,high and stable1000-grain weight,reasonable nitrogen fertilizer rates and increasing plant density would be beneficial to increase the number of spikes and wheat grain production under late sowing condition.The hardness was controlled by cultivar and seldom affected by nitrogen fertilizer rate and plant density,so it was suggested as one stable quality selection trait for wheat cultivars.

关 键 词：小麦 品种 氮肥 密度 产量 硬度 蛋白质含量 

分 类 号：S512.106[农业科学—作物学]