鄱阳湖河湖交错带重金属污染对微生物群落与多样性的影响  

Effects of heavy metal pollution on microbial community and diversity in lake-river ecotone of Lake Poyang

作　　者：张建[1] 黄小兰[1,2] 张婷[1] 郭秋平[1] ZHANG Jian;HUANG Xiaolan;ZHANG Ting;GUO Qiuping(School of Geography and Environment,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,P.R.China;Key Laboratory of Lake Poyang Wetland and Watershed Research,Ministry of Education,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学地理与环境学院,南昌330022 [2]江西师范大学鄱阳湖湿地与流域研究教育部重点实验室,南昌330022

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2018年第3期640-649,共10页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41561002)资助

摘　　要：鄱阳湖河湖交错带是鄱阳湖流域内河流生态系统与湖泊生态系统之间的界面区域,该区域物种多样性丰富,承接了五大河流的来水,是重要的污染缓冲区和净化区.本文研究了鄱阳湖河湖交错带重金属污染对微生物群落结构和微生物多样性的影响,结果表明,已测的重金属(汞、铜、锌、铅和镉)均有不同程度的污染,其中,铅、汞污染最严重,水质标准为Ⅳ类以上,其他重金属均为Ⅱ类;高通量测序结果表明,鄱阳湖河湖交错带微生物群落主要有变形菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门和疣微菌门4类,平均含量分别为58.31%、13.63%、9.69%和1.33%.多样性指数分析结果表明,昌江与乐安河交汇处(R9点位)与鄱阳湖出长江口(H11点位)的微生物多样性指数(Chao 1、Shannon和Simpson指数)最高,万家桥(N2点位)与赣江入湖口(W6点位)微生物多样性指数最低.研究表明,受重金属污染严重的区域通常会使微生物群落丰度降低,然而R9和H11点位重金属污染严重,但微生物多样性却较丰富,说明微生物多样性不仅仅受单一因子影响,而是多重因子共同影响.The lake-river ecotone of Lake Poyang is an interfacial area between lake ecosystem and river ecosystem in Lake Poyang basin.The region is rich in species diversity,and it is an important buffer and purification zone of pollution,because the water is coming from the five major rivers.This paper analyzed the effect of heavy metal pollution on the microbial community structure and diversity in lake-river ecotone of Lake Poyang.Moreover,the heavy metals have been measured by atomic absorption spectrometry and atomic fluorescence spectrometry.Our results show that these trace metals(Hg,Cu,Zn,Pb and Cd)exhibited different degrees of pollution and the pollution of lead and mercury were the most serious.The concentrations of Pb and Hg reached IV in quality standard for ground water,the others reached II.High throughput sequencing results show that the microbial communities were mainly composed of 4 categories:Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Bacteriodetes and Verrucomicrobia,the average abundance were 58.31%,13.63%,9.69%and 1.33%in lake-river ecotone of Lake Poyang,respectively.The results of diversity index analysis show that,the index(Chao 1,Shannon and Simpson indexes)of R9 site(the interchange between Changjiang River and Lean River)and H11 site(the estuary of Lake Poyang flows to Yangtze River)was the highest,the index of N2 site(Wanjiaqiao)and W6 site(the estuary of the Ganjiang River flows into Lake Poyang)was the lowest.This study shows that microbial community abundance decreased in those badly-contaminated areas.The heavy metal pollution in R9 and H11 sites were serious,but the microbial diversity was rich,suggesting that the factors affecting the microbial diversity were multiple.

关 键 词：鄱阳湖 河湖交错带 重金属 微生物群落 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X52