“受难时刻”:巴黎和会山东问题的裁决与威尔逊的认同危机  

“The Suffering Moment”:the Final Decision of the Shandong Issue at the Paris Peace Conference and Wilson's Identity Crisis

作　　者：马建标[1] Ma Jianbiao

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史学系

出　　处：《近代史研究》2018年第3期23-38,160,共17页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：上海市浦江人才计划项目"进步主义与中美关系:美国政治学会领袖在中国的经历"(16PJC014)的中期成果之一;复旦大学亚洲研究中心A类课题的资助

摘　　要：一战后期,美国总统威尔逊提出的威尔逊主义充满悖论。威尔逊试图通过"民族自决原则"来解决列强与殖民地的矛盾冲突问题,同时又不得不依靠英、法、日、意等列强的支持来实现他的国际联盟计划。由此导致威尔逊主义与列强的利益形成冲突与合作的矛盾关系。这种矛盾关系表现在山东问题的处置上,就是威尔逊无法在民族自决的道德原则与列强奉行的强权政治原则之间求得平衡。为了实现国际联盟,威尔逊必须在"道德"与"政治"之间作出艰难的抉择。结果,威尔逊的内心世界陷入分裂状态,并造成极度痛苦的自我认同危机。在山东问题的处置上,威尔逊为了国联计划的实现而放弃对中国的道义承诺,这对威尔逊而言是一个"受难时刻"的抉择。In the late stage of the First World War,the US President Wilson proposed so-called Wilsonism,which was full of paradoxes.Wilson tried to solve the confrontations between the powers and their colonies through“the Principle of National Self-determination,”but he had to rely on the support of the powers such as Britain,France,Japan and Italy to realize his plan of the League of Nations.Therefore,paradoxically Wilsonism had a both contradictory and collaborative relationship with the powers.This paradox was illustrated in the treatment of the Shandong issue,in which Wilson could not achieve the balance between the morality of national self-determination and the power politics of the powers.In order to make the League of Nations come true,Wilson had to make a difficult choice between“morality”and“politics”.As a result,Wilson was trapped in a mental dilemma and thus suffered from an extremely painful identity crisis.When dealing with the Shandong issue,Wilson gave up his moral promise to China for the League of Nations.For Wilson,this was a choice made at a“suffering moment”.

关 键 词：一战 威尔逊主义 山东问题 国际联盟 巴黎和会 

分 类 号：K143[历史地理—历史学]