人工智能与劳动力市场变革:机遇和挑战  

Artificial Intelligence and the Transformation of Labor Market:Opportunities and Challenges

作　　者：朱敏[1] 纪雯雯[2] 高春雷 孟大虎[4,5] ZHU Min;JI Wen-wen;GAO Chun-lei;MENG Da-hu(Business School,Beijing Norma1 University;China University of Labor Relaitions;Beijing Federation of Trade Unions Cadre College;Journa1 of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences),Beijing Norma1 University)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学经济与工商管理学院 [2]中国劳动关系学院高职学院 [3]北京市工会干部学院工会理论与职工教育研究所 [4]<北京师范大学学报(社科版)>编辑部 [5]北京师范大学劳动力市场研究中心

出　　处：《教育经济评论》2018年第2期23-35,共13页China Economics of Education Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"中国经济下行阶段就业结构调整与防范失业战略研究"(16ZDA026)

摘　　要：以人工智能为代表的技术进步将持续推动中国劳动力市场向着技术偏向型方向转变。一些常规性工作将被替代,而新的工作岗位也会被创造出来,高技能人才的需求将会大幅增加,更多灵活就业形式将出现。总体而言,本次技术进步对劳动力市场影响的一个主要特点是出现高、低技能需求增加,"中等技能被挤压"的就业极化现象。目前我国劳动力市场存在特殊的二元结构,同时与时俱进的教育培训不足,以及缺乏对灵活就业进行保障的相关法律,使得劳动力市场难以充分应对未来人工智能带来的挑战。因此,要继续在全社会大力推行终身教育理念,加强职业培训对人力资本生产的贡献力度,还要注意为被人工智能所替代的劳动力群体的再就业提供相关培训和制度保障,为多样化灵活就业提供制度保障。同时,是否可以开征"机器人使用税",也应列入政府相关部门的议事议程。New technologies,represented by Artificial Intelligence have made China,s Labor Market towards skill-biased direction Although this technical progress stimulates demand for high-skilled worker and creates more flexible jobs,it also brings up lots of challenges to the current labor market.This is mainly because labor market in China has special structure,lacking up-to-date training system and lacking systematic-1 legal protection for flexible jobs.tt is therefore important for government to take some actions to deal with these challenges,such as to establish training program for substituted workers,to provide legal protection for new types of works and to collect robot tax,etc.

关 键 词：人工智能 劳动力市场 技术进步 岗位创造 替代 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学]