孙中山的讨陈方略与北伐开局  

Sun Yat-Sen's Punitive Expeditions against Chen Jiongming and the Beginning of the Northern Expedition

作　　者：谭群玉[1] 曹天忠[2] Tan Qunyu;Cao Tianzhong

机构地区：[1]中山大学马克思主义哲学与中国现代化研究所暨哲学系 [2]中山大学历史系,教授广州510275

出　　处：《历史研究》2018年第2期91-107,191,共18页Historical Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"延安学术文化组织与马克思主义中国化研究"(16BDJ006)资助

摘　　要：平定陈炯明叛乱、改组国民党、北伐统一全国,是孙中山晚年面对的重大问题。三者既密切关联,又轻重有别。孙中山以东西两路联军并举战略,讨伐"西和东拒"之陈炯明。东路军以闽省为后方吸引陈军主力,在桂省以滇军为主的西路军击破陈炯明"西和"策略而据有西南中心广州。与马林偏重将平叛与改组两个主题对立理解不同,鲍罗廷妥善处理穗、沪之政治地位关系,说服孙中山推动改组,使原来以军事为主的广州,成为涵括军事、政治、外交多方内容的国民革命基地,以此辐射上海、西北、北京,从广东走向全国,北伐开局战略得以继续推进。Putting down Chen Jiongmiings insurrection,reorganizing the Kuomiintang and reunifying the country through the Northern Expedition were the miajor issues facing Sun Yat-sen in his later years.The threewere closely related but not all of the same importance.Suns strategy was to attack Chen,who wanted peaceful relations in the West but aimed to fight in the East,through a combination of the East RouteArmy and the West Route Army.The East Route Army,with F'ujian as its base,drew in Chcn5s miain forces,while in Guangxi the West Route Army,miainly miadc up of the Yunnan Army,defeated Chcn5s strategy of miaintaining peace to the West and occupied Guangzhou,the center of the Southwest.Unlike HcnkSnccvlict,also known as Ma Lin,who believed that putting down the insurgency and reorganizing the Kuomiintang were conflicting priorities,Mikhail Markovich’s well-thought-out handling of the relationship between the political positions of Guangzhou and Shanghai and his persuading Sun to continue with the reorganization meant that Guangzhou,which originally played a largely military role,became a Kuomintang revolutionary base with military,political and diplomatic functions connecting it to Shanghai,the Northwest and Beijing.This enabled the strategic reach of the Northern Expedition to extend from Guangzhou to the whole country.

关 键 词：孙中山 陈炯明 北伐 鲍罗廷 广州 上海 

分 类 号：K262.3[历史地理—历史学]