明治维新与近代日本  

The Meiji Restoration and Modern Japan

作　　者：崔世广[1] Cui Shiguang

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院日本研究所

出　　处：《日本学刊》2018年第3期117-136,共20页Japanese Studies

摘　　要：明治维新是从开国到颁布明治宪法、开设国会的一个历史过程。明治新政府建立的宪法体制,从根本上规定着近代日本的政治过程,对近代日本的发展道路产生了深远影响。明治宪法体制存在缺陷和漏洞,再加上日本政治文化的制约作用,在近代日本的实际政治运行过程中,衍生出了新的政治力学结构。居于顶层的天皇基本上只是权威性的存在,居于中间层的藩阀元老、政党和军部三个政治集团则成为发挥主导作用的政治势力,而居于底层的民众也会通过舆论影响政治。各种政治力量相互作用,导致近代日本出现了藩阀元老、政党和军部三种势力轮流掌权,藩阀元老政治、政党政治、军部政治相继登场的独特景象。从历史连续性的角度审视明治维新与近代日本的关系,对重新认识明治维新乃至近代日本的性格特质或有某种新的启示。The Meiji Restoration is a historical process from Japan’s opening up to the outside world to the promulgation of the Meiji Constitution and setting up of the congress.The Meiji constitutional system established by the Meiji government,which fundamentally defined the political process of modern Japan,has had a profound impact on the development of modern Japan.Due to the defects of the Meiji constitutional system and the restriction of Japanese political culture,a new political structure was derived from the Meiji constitutional system in the actual political operation of modern Japan.In that structure,the emperor at the top had only formal authority,and three other political groups,namely feudatory senior members,political parties and military headquarters,became the leading political power.The people at the bottom would also influence politics through the public opinion.The interaction of various political forces led to the emergence of a unique scene in modern Japan,in which feudatory senior members,political parties and military headquarters took power in turn.Throughout the reexamination of the relationship between Meiji Restoration and modern Japan from the perspective of historical continuity,some new insights of characteristics of Meiji Restoration and even modern Japan can be generated.

关 键 词：明治维新 明治宪法 政治文化 政治力学 近代日本 

分 类 号：K313.4[历史地理—历史学]