国际金融危机后美国外资银行监管变革研究  

Study on the Post-crisis Regulatory Reform of Foreign Banks in the U.S.

作　　者：蔡宁伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中信银行总行合规部

出　　处：《金融监管研究》2018年第6期13-30,共18页Financial Regulation Research

摘　　要：2008年次贷危机后,美国通过健全监管机构、完善各自职责、出台新法案、组织压力测试、开展检查处罚等一系列措施,实现了金融监管体系的再造和完善,进一步降低了发生系统性风险的概率。本文梳理了危机后美国金融监管机构对外资银行的主要监管要求变化,回溯其监管改革背后的动因,分析其监管规则的特征与发展趋势,并提出了具体的应对路径。在强监管的大背景下,预计未来美国金融监管机构对外资银行或尝试建立独立于巴塞尔委员会外的"美国规则",持续加强外资银行监管,并不断完善对关键环节和个人的控制,进一步拓展其"长臂管辖权"。作为应对,我国须加快建立独立的人民币金融体系,加强国家间的互利合作,实施内外无差别的银行业监管,审慎推动在美银行机构的设立与业务开展,加强在美机构及其雇员的管理,履行必要的合规责任与反洗钱义务,避免遭受不必要的监管检查和无谓的监管处罚。Since the global financial crisis in 2008,developed countries such as the United States have upgraded their supervisions over the financial industry,especially over commercial banks,to secure propoer management of national strategic and systemic risk.After 2008,American financial regulators issued a series of"combos"to improve the system of financial supervision through measures such as reform the regulatory agencies,improving their respective duties,introducing new rules,imposing stress tests and conducting inspection and punishment.Those measures have reduced the probability of systemic risk.This paper analyzes the main regulatory requirements of American financial regulators on overseas banks and individual clients in the postcrisis era,traces back the motivations behind the supervisions,summarizes the practices of the regulatory acts and the characteristics of the regulatory rules,and proposes specific countermeasure approaches.In the environment of strong regulations,we predict that future American regulatory rules will further improve and expand its"longarm jurisdiction".First,American financial regulators try to establish independence and the"American Rule"outside Basel;second,they continue to strengthen the financial supervision of overseas multinational agencies;third,they continue to improve the supervision of key sectors and individuals.These trends are worth the constant attention.We need to speed up the establishment of an independent RMB financial system,strengthen mutually beneficial cooperation among different nations,promote the establishment of banking institutions in the U.S.carefully,implement non-discriminatory banking supervisions over domestic and overseas banks,fulfill necessary compliance obligations and anti-money laundering obligations,strengthen management of institutions and employees in the U.S.and avoid unnecessary regulation examinations and unnecessary regulatory penalties.

关 键 词：合规风险 沃尔克法则 审慎监管 美国金融监管 次贷危机 

分 类 号：F831[经济管理—金融学] F832