中国典型湖泊富营养化现状与区域性差异分析  

THE EUTROPHICATION AND ITS REGIONAL HETEROGENEITY IN TYPICAL LAKES OF CHINA

作　　者：李娜 黎佳茜[2] 李国文 李晔[1] 席北斗[2] 吴易雯[2] 李曹乐[2] 李伟[2] 张列宇 LI Na;LI Jia-Xi;LI Guo-Wen;LI Ye;XI Bei-Dou;WU Yi-Wen;LI Cao-Le;LI Wei;ZHANG Lie-Yu(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院,武汉430070 [2]中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护地下水污染模拟与控制重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2018年第4期854-864,共11页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07203-003)资助~~

摘　　要：为全面科学地综合评估全国富营养化现状,以全国五大湖区22个典型湖泊为研究对象,科学评估了其富营养化状态,分析了全国湖泊富营养化状态的区域性差异,并探讨了富营养化状态与总磷的定量关系。结果表明,2010—2011年,59.1%的调研湖泊处于不同程度的富营养化状态,其中云贵湖区的富营养化程度最为严重,蒙新湖区的富营养化呈两极分化状态,东北山地-平原湖区与东部湖区的湖泊基本均处于中营养-轻度富营养之间,青藏高原湖区的富营养化程度最低。通过分析日照数、无霜期、气温、水深、海拔、降雨与湖泊营养状态的关系,揭示了湖泊所处的地理位置是影响湖泊富营养化的基本因素,具有区域性的分布规律。综合分析结果表明,全国范围内湖泊中叶绿素a与总磷浓度存在显著相关性,其中东部平原湖区、东北平原-山地湖区、青藏高原湖区和云贵高原湖区的叶绿素a与总磷浓度符合三次曲线方程,蒙新湖区的叶绿素a与总磷浓度符合S型曲线方程;东部平原湖区、东北平原-山地湖区、青藏高原湖区叶绿素浓度随着总磷浓度的增加,首先出现1个极小值点,然后出现1个极大值点,其中3个湖区极小值点对应的总磷浓度分别为:0.054、0.089和0.072 mg/L,可为我国对应湖区的湖泊富营养化控制指标提供借鉴。In order to comprehensively evaluate the eutrophication status in China lakes,this study scientifically analyzed the eutrophication and its regional heterogeneity in 22 representative lakes of China,and the quantitative relationship between TP and eutrophication was also studied.The results showed that 59.1%of the surviving lakes are in different eutrophication status from 2010 to 2011.Among them,Yunnan-Guizhou Lake area has the highest eutrophication level,but Menggu-Xinjiang Lake area has a bipolar levels.The lakes at Northeast Mountain and Plain area,and also the lakes at eastern area generally have a level between middle nutrition to mild eutrophication.The lowest eutrophication level is at the area of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Based on the relationship between sunshine amount,frost-free period,temperature,water depth,altitude,precipitation and lake nutrition status,it reveals that the geographical location of lakes is the fundamental factor affecting lake eutrophication and its regional distribution.The results of comprehensive analysis showed that there is a significant correlation between chlorophyll a and total phosphorus concentrations in lakes nationwide.Cubic curve regression equation fits the relation between chlorophyll a and total phosphorus concentrations at the areas of eastern plain,northeastern plain-mountain,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Yun-Gui Plateau.S-curve equation fits the relation between concentrations of chlorophyll a and total phosphorus in the Menggu-Xinjiang Lake area.With the increase of total phosphorus concentration,there was a minimum value of chlorophyll concentration in the lake areas of eastern plain,northeastern plain-mountain,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at the beginning,and then followed by a maximum value.The minimum concentrations of total phosphorus in the three lake areas were 0.054 mg/L,0.089 mg/L and 0.072 mg/L,respectively.This study can provide information for the control of lake eutrophication in future.

关 键 词：湖泊富营养化 区域性差异 地理位置 总磷 拟合曲线 

分 类 号：S937[农业科学—渔业资源]