汉字部首的形成过程与机制  

The formation process and mechanism of the radical system of Chinese characters

作　　者：王贵元[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院

出　　处：《中国语文》2018年第4期460-469,511,512,共11页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(15ZDB097);北京市社会科学基金重大项目(15ZDA12)资助

摘　　要：文字学意义的部首,其本质是汉字字义和字形的类化标志,汉字部首体系的形成过程也是汉字字义和字形的类化过程,部首体系生成的主要手段有添加、选定、改造和新生。早期汉字形体多为单义构件,后期字形则多为类义构件,对早期字形单义构件的改造是构形功能发展的重要途径,主要有两种方式:转化和替换。汉字部首是在汉字构形系统发展过程中形成的,并非初始即已存在。战国晚期的睡虎地秦简当是整理过的文字,说明秦整理过隶书的传言真实有据,这也可解释为何秦统一全国后只整理小篆而没有整理当时普遍使用的隶书。The formation process of the radical system of Chinese characters involves the categorization of graphemes and their meanings.These radicals,by nature,can be viewed as symbols of categorization.Four methods are adopted in the formation of the radical system,namely,addition,selection,reformation,and creation.In the early stage,the literal meaning represented by components of Chinese characters was unique and specific,while in later stages,these components were developed to represent the meaning of their category.Transformation and substitution have played important roles in this development of function changing.Not existing originally,radicals gradually came into being along with the development of Chinese character construction system.The fact that the Chinese characters in Qin-State bamboo slips from Shuihudi in late Warring States period are standardized serves as supporting evidence for the proposal that Qin standardized the clerical script,and also accounts for why the Qin Dynasty standardized the small seal script rather than the clerical script after its unification of the country.

关 键 词：部首 汉字发展史 汉字整理 

分 类 号：H122[语言文字—汉语]