生物炭与菜籽饼不同配比对土壤养分及烤烟产质量的影响  

Effects of Different Biochar and Rapeseed Cake Ratios on the Soil Nutrient, Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

作　　者：余其昌[1] 扈强[1] 金保锋[1] 李本晟 吴薇[2] 郑璞帆 唐永红 李天卫 刘海轮 张立新[2] YU Qichang;HU Qiang;JIN Baofeng;LI Bensheng;WU Wei;ZHENG Pufan;TANG Yonghong;LI Tianwei;LIU Hailun;ZHANG Lixin(Technology Center of China Tobacco Guangdong Industry Co,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510385,China;College of Life Sciences,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Tobacco Company of Shaanxi Province,Xi'an 710000,China)

机构地区：[1]广东中烟工业有限责任公司技术中心,广东广州510385 [2]西北农林科技大学生命科学学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]陕西省烟草公司,陕西西安710000

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第3期513-519,共7页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：广东中烟工业有限责任公司技术中心(粤烟工05XM-QK【2014】015)

摘　　要：【目的】探究生物炭与菜籽饼不同配施量在植烟土壤肥力及烤烟生长方面的作用,以提高烤烟产质量。【方法】以主栽烤烟品种YN99为供试材料,通过田间小区试验研究了增施不同配比的生物炭与菜籽饼对植烟土壤养分、烤烟农艺和经济性状及烤后烟叶化学成分的影响。【结果】在常规施肥的基础上,增施生物炭与菜籽饼均有利于提高土壤速效养分含量,并以混合施用效果更为显著。生物炭与菜籽饼配施可以显著增加烤烟均价与产值,并随着菜籽饼用量的增加逐渐增高。生物炭和菜籽饼配施对烤烟化学品质的改善效果显著,能有效增加烤后烟叶的总氮、钾、还原糖含量,提高糖碱比和氮碱比,降低淀粉和烟碱含量。【结论】综合分析,在常规施肥的基础上,增施生物炭750 kg/hm^2+菜籽饼1 500 kg/hm^2处理效果最优,有利于提高烤烟经济效益,改善烟叶品质。[Purpose]This study was to clarify the function of different biochar and rapeseed cake ratios on the growth of flue-cured tobacco,soil improvement and fertility increasing,and to improve the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.[Method]A field experiment was conducted using YN99 as test material to research the effect of different biochar and rapeseed cake on soil nutrients,agronomic characters,economic characters and chemical compositions of flue-cured tobacco after baking.[Result]Biochar and rapeseed cake could both enhance soil available nutrients and the combination treatment showed better improvement on the basis of regular fertilization.The application of biochar and rapeseed cake could also increase the average price and output value significantly,while the average price and output value increased gradually with the increase of rapeseed cake fertilizer.The application of biochar and rapeseed cake fertilizer could improve the chemical compositions of flue-cured tobacco significantly.There were increases in the contents of total nitrogen,potassium,reducing sugar and the ratio of sugar to nicotine,the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine and decreases in the contents of starch and nicotine.[Conclusion]The application of biochar 750 kg/hm2 and rapeseed cake 1 500 kg/hm2 showed the best effect on the basis of regular fertilization,which could improve the economic benefits and quality of flue-cured tobacco.

关 键 词：生物炭 菜籽饼 土壤养分 化学成分 

分 类 号：S572.062[农业科学—烟草工业]