国家在国际造法进程中的角色与功能——以国际海洋法的形成与运作为例  

Role and Function of States in the Process of International Law-Making

作　　者：罗欢欣[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院国际法研究所

出　　处：《法学研究》2018年第4期53-68,共16页Chinese Journal of Law

基　　金：国家海洋局"中国在国际海洋秩序中的角色研究"项目;国家社科基金重大课题"完善我国海洋法律体系研究"(15ZDB178)的资助

摘　　要：现代国际秩序建立在以《联合国宪章》为核心的国际法基础上。根据《国际法院规约》第38条,新的国际法规则由国家制定,它们主要通过条约或发展习惯国际法来造法。国家既是国际法规则的缔造者,也是其约束的对象。国际造法是一项综合、立体的过程,除了国际法的技术性内容外,其背后体现了国际关系与政治的复杂博弈。以国际海洋法的形成与运作为例,发展中国家在理论准备、现实介入、政治决策与规则取舍上均与发达国家存在较大差距,这里面有西方发达国家的法律文化具备先天优势的原因,也有发展中国家对自身在国际造法中的角色认识不足、影响力发挥不够的原因。深度参与国际造法,对中国的海洋强国建设意义重大。The modern international order is based on international law with the UN Charter as the core.Under Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice,new rules of international law are made by states primarily through conclusion of treaties and development of customary international law.International law is a multidimensional and comprehensive process that reflects the complex game playing between states in international relations and politics,and states are both the creators of and objects of application of these rules.The formation and operation of the international law of the sea shows that western developed countries not only have natural advantages of cultural origin,but also are well ahead of developing countries in theoretical preparation,consideration of political decisions and choice of rules in practice.The lack of full understanding of their role and function in international law-making is the main reason for the gap between states in this field.If China aims to build itself into a maritime power,it must attach great importance to deep participation in international law-making.

关 键 词：国际造法 海洋法 法律进程主义 全球治理 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]