浙江南部近海鱼类群落结构的时空特征  

Spatial and temporal variations in fish community off shore southern Zhejiang Province,East China Sea

作　　者：杜晓雪 田思泉[1,2,3,4] 王家启 汪振华[1,2,3,4] 高春霞 DU Xiao-xue;TIAN Si-quan;WANG Jia-qi;WANG Zhen-hua;GAO Chun-xia(College of Marine Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Data Centre for Distant-Water Fisheries of China,Shanghai 201306,China;National Distant-water Fisheries Engineering Research Center,Shanghai 201306,China;The key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]中国远洋渔业数据中心,上海201306 [3]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [4]大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海201306

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2018年第4期522-531,共10页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：浙江省渔业资源调查(温台地区)项目(158053)

摘　　要：为了解浙江南部近海鱼类种类组成、多样性和群落结构与时空因子的关系,分别于2016年冬季(2月)和夏季(8月)对该海域进行底拖网调查,并采用Bray-Curtis聚类分析、相对重要性指数(IRI)分析、群落多样性分析等方法研究该海域鱼类群落结构。结果表明:浙江南部近海冬季和夏季共出现鱼类124种,冬季出现鱼类93种,夏季出现鱼类86种,鲈形目Perciformes种类数最多;冬季浙江南部近海鱼类群落可以划分为北部、南部和南部近岸3个群落,夏季该调查海域鱼类群落可以划分为北部和南部2个群落;调查海域的鱼类以暖水种为主(占56.9%),南部群落暖温种与暖水种种数高于北部群落,冬季暖温种数量高于暖水种,夏季反之;该海域冬季绝对优势种为龙头鱼Harpodon nehereus,北部与南部群落同南部近岸群落优势种组成差异较大,夏季绝对优势种为带鱼Trichiurus lepturus和七星底灯鱼Benthosema pterotum,北部与南部群落优势种差异较小,冬、夏两季鱼类优势种组成变化较大;该海域鱼类群落的Margalef丰富度指数(D)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')和Pielou均匀度指数(J)冬季高于夏季,丰富度指数存在极显著季节差异(P<0.01),除冬季丰富度指数外,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和均匀度指数在空间上普遍呈现南部群落高于北部群落的趋势,这种变化趋势可能与生物量和温度有关。本研究结果为探寻影响群落结构的主要因素,完善群落种类组成及多样性与时空因子的关系提供了数据资料。The spatial-temporal variations in the fish community structure and diversity in the areas off southern Zhejiang Province,in East China sea,were investigated using the Bray-Curtis cluster analysis,index of relative importance(IRI),species diversity index based on bottom trawl data from February and August of 2016.It was found that a total of 124 species were observed,93 species in winter and 86 in summer with the maximal number of Perciformes.The fish communities comprised three different groups in winter:the northern community,the southern community and the southern coastal community.In summer,however,these communities were divided into two groups:northern community,and southern community.The warm water species(56.9%)was the main ecological group in the surveyed sea area,and there was more warm temperature species and warm water species in the southern community than that in the northern community,with more warm temperature species than warm water species in winter,and opposite case in summer.Harpodon nehereus was the absolute dominant fish in winter,with difference between the northern and the southern communities.In summer,the absolute dominant fish species were Trichiurus lepturus and Benthosema pterotum,similar in the northern and southern communities,difference in composition of the dominant fish species between winter and summer.There were higher Margalef richness index(D),Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′)and Pielou evenness index(J)in fish community in winter compared with summer,and there was very significant difference in Margalef richness index between winter and summer(P<0.01).In addition to the Pielou evenness index in winter,the Margalef richness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index were higher in the southern community than those in the northern community,which is attributed to the biomass and temperature.The findings provide data to explore the main factors affecting community structure,and the relationship between species composition and diversity and spatial and temporal factors.

关 键 词：浙江南部近海 鱼类群落结构 时空变化 物种多样性 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]