太湖地区两种典型水产养殖系统CH_4排放研究  

Methane Emission From Two Typical Aquaculture Ponds in Taihu Lake

作　　者：马煜春 孙丽英[1] 刘翠英 杨波[3] 汪方圆 周伟 MA Yuchun;SUN Liying;LIU Cuiying;YANG Bo;WANG Fangyuan;ZHOU Wei(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology/College of Applied Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing,210044,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture/Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Science,Nanjing 210008,China;Agro-environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture,Tianjin 300191,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业气象重点实验室/南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,江苏南京210044 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所/土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [3]农业部环境保护科研检测所,天津300191

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2018年第7期1269-1275,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41601233);江苏省基础研究计划青年基金项目(BK20140990);土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室开放基金课题(Y20160034)

摘　　要：水产养殖系统是大气CH4重要的人为源,位于中国东南部的太湖地区是水产养殖最活跃的地区之一,但CH4排放原位监测数据比较缺乏,对水产养殖系统温室气体排放进行原位观测,有助于降低当前湿地生态系统温室气体排放估算的不确定性,可为进一步准确估算全球温室气体排放清单提供数据支撑和依据。为了比较太湖地区两种典型水产养殖系统CH4排放规律,探明其影响因素,以混养鱼塘和蟹塘两种具有代表性的水产养殖系统为研究对象,于2016年3月—2017年3月采用漂浮箱(淹水期)和静态箱(排水期)结合气相色谱法监测其CH4排放通量。结果表明,水产养殖系统中CH4排放主要集中在淹水时期,其排放通量与沉积物温度(t)、沉积物溶解有机碳(DOC)和水体溶解氧浓度(DO)呈显著相关(P<0.05)。混养鱼塘和蟹塘CH_4累积排放量分别为64.4 kg·hm^(-2)和51.6 kg·hm^(-2),差异显著(P<0.05)。水生植物(伊乐藻Elodea nattalii)显著影响蟹塘CH_4排放,有水生植物覆盖区域CH4排放量较无水生植物覆盖区域高14%(P<0.05)。与混养鱼塘相比,蟹塘单位收入的甲烷排放所引起净温室效应(NEB-scale·GWP-CH_4)提高了80%,达到显著水平(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,在评估区域温室气体排放清单时应考虑水产养殖池塘的类型。Aquaculture ponds are important contributors to greenhouse gas flux methane(CH4),Taihu Lake region is one of the area with extensive aquaculture in China,while few direct flux measurements are available.Field measurements of CH4 flux from the typical aquaculture wetland would help to minimize the uncertainty in estimation of greenhouse gases which emissions came from aquaculture wetlands worldwide.It also provides data support and basis for further accurate estimation of global greenhouse gas emission inventories.This study investigated the magnitude of CH4 flux and the influencing factors from mixed fish and crab aquaculture ponds during March,2016 and March,2017 in the Taihu Lake.CH4 flux was primarily pronounced during the waterlogging stages.The variations in CH4 flux was significant related to sediment temperature(t),sediment dissolved organic carbon(DOC),and water dissolved oxygen concentration(DO).The annual CH4 emission was 64.4 kg·hm-2 and 51.6 kg·hm-2 from the mixed fish aquaculture pond and the crab aquaculture pond,respectively.Significant differences in CH4 flux between the mixed fish and crab aquaculture ponds were observed during the year(P<0.05).The CH4 fluxes from the crab aquaculture pond were significantly affected by the aquatic vegetation.Compared to the treatment without aquatic,the annual CH4 emission increased by 14.0%for the treatment with aquatic.Relative to the mixed fish aquaculture pond,the net economic benefit scaled global warming potential(NEB-scaled GWP-CH4)significantly increased 80%from the crab aquaculture pond.Our results suggest that mixed fish and crab aquaculture ponds are important contributors to regional CH4 emission into the atmosphere.Furthermore,we also suggest that the aquaculture pond type should be considered when evaluating regional GHG budgets.

关 键 词：甲烷 混养鱼塘 蟹塘 净温室效应 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]