杀菌剂对火龙果溃疡病的室内毒力和田间防效  

Indoor virulence and field effects of fungicides on pitaya canker

作　　者：贤小勇[1,2] 林珊宇 朱桂宁[1,2] 韦小妹 覃武[1,2] 梁桂东 钟有超 XIAN Xiao-yong;LIN Shan-yu;ZHU Gui-ning;WEI Xiao-mei;QIN Wu;LIANG Gui-dong;ZHONG You-chao(Plant Protection Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China;Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests,Nanning 530007,China;Horticultural Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China;Qinzhou Gaofeng Test Station for Pitaya,Qinzhou,Guangxi 535029,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院植物保护研究所,南宁530007 [2]广西作物病虫害生物学重点实验室,南宁530007 [3]广西农业科学院园艺研究所,南宁530007 [4]钦州高丰火龙果试验站,广西钦州535029

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2018年第7期1338-1345,共8页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：广西科学研究与技术开发计划项目(桂科攻1598006-5-12);广西科技重大专项项目(桂科AA17204097-10);广西自然科学基金项目(2017GXNSFBA198237);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项项目(2015YT45)

摘　　要：【目的】明确吡唑醚菌酯等杀菌剂对火龙果溃疡病的室内抑菌活性和田间防效,为火龙果溃疡病综合防控提供科学依据。【方法】采用菌丝生长速率法测定吡唑醚菌酯等5种杀菌剂对火龙果溃疡病菌菌丝生长的室内抑菌活性;利用田间植株喷雾法评价250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯乳油125.0、166.7和250.0 mg/kg,250 g/L嘧菌酯悬浮剂250.0 mg/kg,430 g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂215.0 mg/kg,10%己唑醇悬浮剂60.0 mg/kg和400 g/L氟硅唑乳油133.3 mg/kg对火龙果溃疡病的田间防治效果。【结果】室内毒力测定结果表明,己唑醇、戊唑醇、氟硅唑和吡唑醚菌酯对火龙果溃疡病菌菌丝生长均有较好的抑制作用,抑制中浓度(EC_(50))分别为0.0749、0.2325、0.5277和1.8572μg/mL,而嘧菌酯的抑制作用稍弱,EC_(50)为18.5655μg/mL。田间小区防治试验结果证明,250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯乳油对火龙果溃疡病有很好的防效,施药3次后,250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯乳油125.0、166.7和250.0 mg/kg对茎溃疡病的防效分别在60.0%、70.0%和80.0%以上,对果实溃疡病的防效分别在65.0%、75.0%和85.0%以上。250 g/L嘧菌酯悬浮剂250.0 mg/kg和430 g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂215.0mg/kg对火龙果溃疡病也有较好的防效,分别与250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯乳油166.7和125.0 mg/kg的防效相当。10%己唑醇悬浮剂60.0 mg/kg和400 g/L氟硅唑乳油133.3 mg/kg的田间防效较差。【结论】吡唑醚菌酯、嘧菌酯和戊唑醇对火龙果溃疡病均具有良好的防效,可作为防治火龙果溃疡病的药剂在生产上推广应用。【Objective】The indoor bioactivities and field control effects of fungicides including pyraclostrobin against Neoscytalidium dimidiatum causing pitaya canker were studied in order to provide the basic information for integrating control of the disease.【Method】Bioactivities of the five fungicides against N.dimidiatum were tested by measuring the mycelial growth of the fungi.The control effects on pitaya canker of 125.0,166.7 and 250.0 mg/kg pyraclostrobin EC(250 g/L),250.0 mg/kg azoxystrobin SC(250 g/L),215.0 mg/kg tebuconazole SC(430 g/L),60.0 mg/kg hexaconazole SC(10%)and 133.3 mg/kg flusiazole EC(400 g/L)were tested by spraying fungicide on plant in the field.【Result】The results of indoor toxicity test indicated that hexaconazole,tebuconazole,flusiazole and pyraclostrobin showed strong fungistatic actions against mycelial growth of N.dimidiatum and the median inhibitory concentration(EC50)values were 0.0749,0.2325,0.5277 and 1.8572μg/mL respectively.The bioactivity of azoxystrobin was low,with the EC50 value of 18.5655μg/mL.For control effects tests in field,the results showed that 250 g/L pyraclostrobin EC could control the pitaya canker efficiently.After spraying 125.0,166.7,and 250.0 mg/kg pyraclostrobin EC(250 g/L)on pitaya plants for three times,the control effects on stem canker were 60.0%,70.0%and 80.0%espectively,while those on fruit canker were65.0%,75.0%and 85.0%respectively.250.0 mg/kg azoxystrobin SC(250.0 g/L)and 215.0 mg/kg tebuconazole SC(430 g/L)could also control the pitaya canker efficiently,gaining the control effects equally to those of 166.7 and 125 mg/kg pyraclostrobin EC(250 g/L)respectively.However,60.0 mg/kg hexaconazole SC(10%)and 133.3 mg/kg flusiazole EC(400 g/L)could not control the canker efficiently.【Conclusion】Pyraclostrobin,azoxystrobin and tebuconazole can control the pitaya canker efficiently and can be applied on the disease management.

关 键 词：杀菌剂 火龙果溃疡病 抑菌活性 田间防效 

分 类 号：S482.2[农业科学—农药学]