南极鱼类DNA条形码及分子系统进化研究  

DNA barcoding, classification, and phylogeny of Antarctic fishes

作　　者：赵娜[1,2] 马春艳[1] 宋炜[1] 冯春雷[1] 王鲁民[1] 张凤英[1] 蒋科技[1] 赵宪勇[3] 马凌波[1] ZHAO Na;MA Chunyan;SONG Wei;FENG Chunlei;WANG Lumin;ZHANG Fengying;JIANG Keji;ZHAO Xianyong;MA Lingbo(East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China;Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 200090,China;Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090 [2]上海海洋大学,上海200090 [3]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2018年第4期728-736,共9页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：科技部科技基础性工作专项(2013FY110700);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(2014A11);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD13B03)

摘　　要：本文采用COI基因兼并引物对15种36个南极鱼类DNA进行扩增测序,并结合Gen Bank已有序列进行联配分析,对南极鱼2科22属43种共97条COI基因片段(539 bp)进行序列比较和系统发生关系研究,探索了DNA条形码技术在辅助鱼类物种鉴定和分类中的适应性与可行性。结果分析表明,43种南极鱼科和鳄冰鱼科的鱼类COI基因的平均碱基组成为T:31.9%、G:18.3%、A:22.2%和C:27.6%,具有明显的碱基偏倚性。南极鱼类的种间平均距离为0.157,种内平均遗传距离为0.002,种间平均遗传距离是种内平均距离的79倍;系统分析结果显示,除南极小带腭鱼(Cryodraco antarcticus)和罗斯海小带腭鱼(Cryodraco atkinsoni)外,其余的鱼类皆能够形成独立的分支,且与形态学分支一致。由此可见,DNA条形码对南极鱼亚目鳄冰鱼科和南极鱼科鱼类能够进行有效的物种鉴定,基于COI基因所建的NJ(neighbor-joining)树对物种分类具有较为准确的辨识力。系统发生关系表明,DNA条形码可以对除南极小带腭鱼(Cryodraco antarcticus)和罗斯海小带腭鱼(Cryodraco atkinsoni)外的南极鱼物种进行鉴定,不仅可以作为形态学的辅助手段为南极鱼分类系统的必要补充和佐证,并且可以用于探讨南极鱼类近缘种的系统发育关系。The Southern Ocean accounts for 10%of the world's oceans,but has a relatively low species richness.Some areas have been subject to commercial fishing,and the species compositions and population structures have been underestimated.As a promising tool,DNA barcoding has advanced to aid species identification and discovery.Even for experts,despite extensive taxonomic studies,the identification of fishes can be problematic for many reasons.In the present study,43 Antarctic fish species were identified and analyzed using DNA barcoding,and the data obtained was examined.We collected and morphologically identified specimens from the Southern Ocean during 2013 and 2016.In total,97 individuals from 43 species pertaining to 22 genera of Notothenioidei and Channichthyidae were barcoded using the COI gene,sequenced,and compared with that of other species recorded in GenBank and the Barcode of Life Data System(BOLD).Our results indicated that the mean T,G,A,and C contents were 31.9%,18.3%,22.2%,and 27.6%,the GC content of codon position 1 averaged 51.3%,that of position 3 averaged 44.0%,and that of position 2 averaged 42.0%.Therefore,the COI sequences of Antarctic fishes were obviously base biased.The average value of transition/transversion ratios was 2.79.Using the Kimera-2-parameter model,the mean genetic distance among pairwise species(0.157)was calculated as 79 times higher than that within species(0.002).From the phylogenetic tree,41 species,except Cryodraco antarcticus and Cryodraco atkinsoni,were clustered,which suggested that COI barcoding could effectively be used to identify the remaining 41 species.But,COI barcoding provided limited phylogenetic resolution of C.antarcticus and C.atkinsoni,since they shared COI haplotypes.The similarity in results indicated that we should develop multigene barcode technology to overcome the deficiency of the single COI gene sequence.For the two species,C.antarcticus and C.atkinsoni,that were difficult to distinguish using DNA barcoding,we need more samples to analyze their phylogene

关 键 词：DNA条形码 COI 系统进化 南极鱼科 鳄冰鱼科 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]