真核生物mRNA翻译起始机制研究进展  

Research progress in the mechanism of translation initiation of eukaryotic m RNAs

作　　者：郑超星 马小凤 张永华 李洪杰[2] 张根发[1] Chaoxing Zheng;Xiaofeng Ma;Yonghua Zhang;Hongjie Li;Genfa Zhang(College of Life Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Institute of Crop Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学生命科学学院,北京100875 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《遗传》2018年第8期607-619,共13页Hereditas（Beijing)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:31470399)资助~~

摘　　要：在真核生物中,m RNA翻译是一个复杂的多步骤过程,包括起始、延伸和终止3个阶段。其中,起始阶段的调控是影响m RNA翻译的关键。目前已经发现,m RNA翻译起始方式有多种,以最早发现的m7G帽依赖性扫描机制最为经典,但当细胞处于逆境,经典起始机制受到抑制时,其他类型的起始机制会将其替代以保证翻译的顺利进行。本文对目前已发现的真核生物m RNA不同翻译起始机制特别是经典起始机制的替代机制进行了综述,旨在为深入认识真核生物基因在翻译水平上的表达调控提供参考。The translation of mRNA is a complicated multi-step process,including initiation,elongation and termination.Among them,the regulation of the initial stage plays the key role.There are many ways to initiate mRNA translation,and the most classical way is the m7G cap-dependent scanning mechanism that was also the first mechanism identified.When cells encounter adversity and the classical mechanism is inhibited,other types of translation initiation mechanisms will be activated.In this review,we summarize the translation initiation mechanisms of eukaryotic mRNAs,especially some alternative mechanisms.It will provide a reference for further understanding of the expression and regulation of eukaryotic genes at the translation levels.

关 键 词：翻译起始 真核生物mRNA 帽依赖性扫描 IRES CITE 

分 类 号：Q75[生物学—分子生物学]