基于模态频率特征的浮钳盘式制动器盘块间法向接触刚度辨识方法  

Identification method of normal contact stiffness between disc and pad of floating caliper disc brake based on modal frequency characterisitcs

作　　者：吕红明 钱坤才[3] LU Hong-ming;QIAN Kun-cai(School of Mechanical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;Technology Center,CRRC Qishuyan Institute Co.,Ltd..Changzhou 213011,China;School of Automotive Engineering,Yanchcng Institute of Technology,Yanchcng 224051,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学机械工程学院,四川成都610031 [2]盐城工学院汽车工程学院,江苏盐城224051 [3]中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司技术研发中心,江苏常州213011

出　　处：《工程设计学报》2018年第4期388-393,共6页Chinese Journal of Engineering Design

基　　金：江苏省产学研前瞻性联合研究项目(BY2016065-40);江苏省“六大人才高峰”高层次培养对象项目(2015-ZBZZ-025);江苏省高校自然科学基金资助项目(15KJB460017).

摘　　要：盘式制动器广泛应用于交通工具和工业装备,在制动过程中出现的摩擦振动噪声和制动盘与制动块之间的接触摩擦作用有密切关系。由于受到多种因素影响,建立准确的制动器关键零件接触关系仍是当前制动器振动噪声研究的难点。基于接触刚度能够影响系统刚度从而改变制动盘模态频率的动力学特性,针对乘用车浮钳盘式制动器,提出一种基于模态频率特征的制动器盘块间法向接触刚度辨识方法。应用锤击模态试验测得不同制动压力条件下制动盘各模态的频率特征;基于ABAQUS软件建立约束条件下制动盘与制动块装配体的有限元模型,在1~10kHz范围内对该模型进行前7阶面外模态频率分析,辨识得到制动盘与制动块之间的法向接触刚度,并对接触刚度变化原因进行了分析。结果表明,随着制动压力的增加,由于制动块摩擦材料的孔隙度减小,接触刚度增大;随着制动盘模态阶次的提高,由于制动盘与制动块在谐振状态时其接触面积发生变化,接触刚度会先增大然后基本保持不变。该方法可用于建立准确的制动器盘块间接触关系,以开展制动器振动噪声仿真分析,能够提高计算精度,保证分析结果的可靠性。Disc brakes are widely applied in traffic tools and industry equipments.However,friction-induced vibration and noise sometimes may occur when the brake works,which is correlated closely with the friction and contact between the brake disc and brake pads.To date,it is still di--ficult to establish accurate contact behavior betweenbrake parts due to many nfluence factors,which is a difficulty tn the vibration and noise study of brake.Considering the dynamic characteristics that the contact stiffness can affect the system stiffness and thus change the modal frequency of the brake disc?an identification method of the normal contact stiffness between the disc and pads of the floating caliper disc brake based on modal frequency characteristics is proposed.The modal frequency characteristics of the brake disc under different brake pressures were obtained by utilizing the hammer impact method.The finite element model of the assembly of the brake disc and brake pads under constraint condition was built by using the software of ABAQUS.The dynamic normal contact stiffness between the brake disc and brake pads was identified according to the out-of-plane modal frequency of the first seven orders of the assembly model in the range of 1-10 kHz.Then,the reasons of the variation of the contact stiffness were analyzed from different aspects.Results showed that the contact stiffness increased with the brake pressure due to the decreasing of the porosity of the friction material,and increased with the modal order of the brake disc for the lower-order modal but almost kept invariant for the higher-order modal due to the variation of the contact area between the disc and pads under harmonic conditions.The proposed method can be used to establish the accurate contact relationship between the disc and pads for further investigation of the vibration and noise of the brake,thus improve the computation precision and guarantee the reliability of analysis result.

关 键 词：盘式制动器 法向接触刚度 模态频率 参数辨识 影响因素 

分 类 号：U260.35[机械工程—车辆工程] TB533.1[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]