联盟与多偶婚:作为政治范畴的媵妾制与巴力婚  

Confederation and Polygamy:Sororal Polygyny and Ba'al as a Political Category

作　　者：黄子逸 张亚辉[1] Huang Ziyi;Zhang Yahui(Department of Sociology and Anthropology,Xiamen University,Xiamen,361005,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学人文学院人类学与民族学系

出　　处：《民族学刊》2018年第4期79-89,126-128,共12页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"马克斯.韦伯的宗教理论与蒙藏佛教社会的人类学研究"(项目编号:15BSH094);国家民族事务委员会中青年英才培养计划项目"水利制度与中国边疆的封建类型:基于藏边诸社会的比较研究"(2016)阶段性成果

摘　　要：基于葛兰言关于上古中国封建社会一夫多妻制的研究梳理,本文讨论了多偶婚研究在政治人类学中的价值意义。通过比较上古中国的媵妾制和古代阿拉伯的巴力婚这两种多偶婚形式所代表的两种联结社会的不同方式,可以看到群婚制的不同发展方向对于不同文明早期形态的形塑至为关键。在上古中国,"华夏"作为封建贵族联盟的"通婚圈",其形塑了上古中国社会的一种整体性,而贵族联姻的媵妾制则是维系这种等级性的联盟关系之产物。Both Fetes et chansons anciennes dela Chine(1919)and La polygynie sororale et sororat dans la Chine féodale(1920)are doctoral dissertations of the famous French social anthropologist and sinologist Marcel Granet.These works are classics produced by French Annales School.Both of them focus on Chinese marriage customs before the Qin and Han Dynasties.The former,from the perspective of sociology,reconstructs the mode of ancient marriage among peasant society based on the interpretation of some classics such as the Shijing(The Book of Songs),whereas the latter,using the perspective of anthropology,analyzes marriage customs among feudal nobles using voluminous histories and annals.Discussing the formation of society and states by means of different forms of polygamy in ancient society was a classic topic in anthropology at the end of the 19 th century and the beginning of the 20 th century.In the history of anthropology,it is J.F.McLennan who first considered that the shift from polygamy was a key to state formation.His research on the transformation of forms of marriage influenced all scholars involved in this field in later times.Granet came to China for his research in the early 20 th century.He regarded Chinese polygyny practiced at that time as a remnant from ancient marriage institutions,and asserted that ancient Chinese literature could be used to explore issues related to the evolution of polygamy discussed by J.F.McLennan,W.R.Smith,J.G.Frazer and others.Granet s research of ancient Chinese sororal polygyny took the Ba al marriage found in ancient Arabia as a comparative focus.In ancient times,both sororal polygyny and Ba al marriage represented different ways to unite societies,which was one of the most important issues related to the analysis of civilizations in ancient times.From Granet s view,in ancient China,the shape of noble and peasant society were different.Peasant society and its marriage rules were connected with the rites of holy mountains and sacred places,whilst those found among nobles were dev

关 键 词：多偶婚 媵妾制 巴力婚 葛兰言(M.Granet) 

分 类 号：C912.4[经济管理]