作为经验共享的传播:知识思想史视角下杜威传播观再解读  

Communication as Sharing Experience Reconsidering Dewey's Idea of Communication from the Perspective of Intellectual History

作　　者：许加彪[1] Xu Jiabiao

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学新闻与传播学院

出　　处：《新闻与传播研究》2018年第8期49-64,126,127,共18页Journalism & Communication

摘　　要：在传播学的学术思想史中,杜威的传播观具有开拓性的价值。杜威界定传播的基石是经验自然主义,循此阐释了传播的核心意旨。杜威认为传播的本质机制是经验共享,从而使有机体质变为社会人,使单个人构建成共同体,在这种意义上,传播成为社会的表征和隐喻。杜威特别阐释传递(transmission)、交流(communication)与社会的关系,凯瑞据此认为杜威的著作中存在两种传播观,创造性地继承杜威传播思想,提出了传播(communication)的传递观与仪式观。两种传播观成为传播学术思想史的主流叙事,杜威传播观与凯瑞传播观之间一脉相传成为共识,但彼此的差异一直被学术界所忽视。实际上,杜威认为transmission与communication至少是对等的,或者前者位阶高于后者;凯瑞认为transmission只是communication统摄之下的一种子类型而已。在这桩学术公案中,依据语境本身准确把握杜威的传播观,并厘清两者的异同,从而还原学术历史被遮蔽的景观,十分必要。In the academic history of communication studies,Dewey's concept of communication has unique value.He defined empirical naturalism as the foundation of communication.According to this framework,Dewey elaborated on the core meanings of communication.He believes that the essence of communication lies in sharing experience,which enables organisms to evolve into social beings,and then make individuals constructed into a community.In this sense,Dewey saw communication as a representation and metaphor of society.Dewey especially interpreted the relation between transmission and society,and the relation between the communication and society.Carey believed that there are two different meanings of communication according to Dewey's two main ideas of communication and transmission.Carey put forward a transmission view of communication and a ritual view of communication,creatively inheriting Dewey s theory.These two views have become the mainstream narrative of the academic history of communication studies,but their differences were ignored by academia for a long time.In fact,Dewey believed that transmission and communication are at least equivalent,or that the former's status is higher than the latter.Carry believed that transmission is only a subtype of communication.Therefore,in this academic case,to understand Dewey's theory of communication clearly and to differentiate the two by reading the text in context,it is necessary to clarify the hidden landscape of academic history.

关 键 词：杜威 凯瑞 传播观 经验自然主义 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]