洱海微囊藻水华的水生态风险评估研究  

ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF MICROCYSTIS BLOOMS IN ERHAI LAKE

作　　者：刘毅[1] 杨劭[1] 刘晓峰 LIU Yi;YANG Shao;LIU Xiao-Feng(School of Life Sciences,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学生命科学学院,武汉430079

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2018年第5期1066-1074,共9页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2013ZX07105-005);国家基金面上项目(31670464);华中师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目(CCNU18TS023)资助~~

摘　　要：以洱海微囊藻水华为研究对象,借鉴生态毒理学风险评估思路对藻类水华的水生态风险进行评价。研究通过暴露实验以及查阅文献获取了微囊藻水华对底栖动物、浮游动物、鱼类和沉水植物的效应数据,采用毒性百分数排序法推导了洱海微囊藻水华的急性和慢性效应藻密度,用风险商值评估微囊藻水华密度的水生态风险。进一步结合水华盖度和持续时间制定了微囊藻水华的急性、慢性生态风险评价表。研究结果表明,微囊藻水华的急性生态风险分为低中高三级,分别为微囊藻藻密度小于3.4×10~6 cells/L为低风险,微囊藻藻密度在3.4×10~6—3.4×10~7 cells/L之间为中风险,微囊藻密度大于3.4×10~7 cells/L为高风险。慢性生态风险同样分为低中高三级,分别为微囊藻藻密度小于1.1×10~6 cells/L为低风险,微囊藻藻密度在1.1×106—1.1×10~7 cells/L为中风险,微囊藻密度大于1.1×10~7 cells/L为高风险。实际应用中需综合微囊藻水华密度、面积和持续时间,制定洱海微囊藻水华水生态风险评价标准。当微囊藻水华处于中风险状态时,应启动预警、强化水质管理和生物抑制措施,当处于高风险状态时,应采取水华的应急处理措施。研究结果有助于洱海微囊藻水华的科学管理。The ecological risk of a Microcystis bloom was evaluated on the basis of the ecotoxicological risk assessment method.The effects of Microcystis bloom on benthic fauna,zooplankton,fish,and submerged macrophytes were assessed by using acute and chronic exposures experiments and the findings reported by previous studies.The algal cell densities were calculated by using toxicity percentile rank(TPR)method,and aquatic ecological risk assessment for Microcystis bloom was performed by using risk quotient approach.The criteria required for acute and chronic ecological risk assessment of Microcystis bloom were defined based on the algal cell density,algal bloom coverage in lake,as well as duration of algae blooms.The acute ecological risk was classified as low-,moderate-,and high-levels.A Microcystis bloom with cell density less than 3.4×10^6 cells/L was defined as low risk-level,with cell density at the range of 3.4×10^6-3.4×10^7 cells/L was denoted as moderate-risk level,and with cell density higher than 3.4×10^7 cells/L was defined as high-risk level.Similarly,chronic ecological risk of Microcystis bloom was also classified as low-,moderate-,and high-levels of risk.The Microcystis bloom with cell density less than 1.1×10^6 cells/L was classified as low risk,cell density between 1.1×10^6-1.1×10^7 cells/L was classified as moderate risk,and the cell density greater than 1.1×10^7 cells/L was classified as high risk.In practical applications,cell density,algal bloom coverage,and duration of algal blooms are essential factors to formulate a robust ecological risk assessment strategy for Microcystis bloom in Erhai Lake.In presence of moderate-risk level,early warning of Microcystis bloom should be alarmed,and improvement of water quality or implementation of biological control should be carried out.Under the high risk level,emergent removal or control of algal bloom should be undertaken as well.

关 键 词：洱海 微囊藻水华 生态风险 评估 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]