玉米和米糠对两个马铃薯品种茎叶青贮品质的影响  

Effect of corn and rice bran on fermentation characteristics of stems and leaves silage from two potato varieties

作　　者：雒瑞瑞 何玉鹏[1] 郭艳丽[1] 郑琛[1] LUO Ruirui;HE Yupeng;GUO Yanli;ZHENG Chen(College of Animal Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《草业科学》2018年第9期2277-2284,共8页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：甘肃省财政厅高校基本科研业务费项目

摘　　要：本试验采用2×6试验设计,研究米糠和玉米(Zea mays)对马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)茎叶青贮品质的影响。两个马铃薯品种是庄薯3号和青薯169号,米糠和玉米的6个混合比例(鲜重)分别是马铃薯茎叶、85%马铃薯茎叶+15%米糠(单加米糠)、81%马铃薯茎叶+15%米糠+4%玉米(4%玉米)、77%马铃薯茎叶+15%米糠+8%玉米(8%玉米)、73%马铃薯茎叶+15%米糠+12%玉米(12%玉米)、69%马铃薯茎叶+15%米糠+16%玉米(16%玉米)。结果表明,与青薯169号相比,庄薯3号有较低的干物质(DM)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和粗灰分(Ash),有较高的pH、缓冲能值(BC)、粗蛋白(CP)和钙(Ca)含量。青薯169号青贮料的氨氮∶总氮(NH3-N∶TN)、乳酸(LA)、丁酸(BA)、LA∶乙酸(AA)、CP、DM和NDF含量显著低于庄薯3号青贮料(P<0.05)。马铃薯茎叶单独青贮品质最差,与其相比,仅添加米糠可以提高青贮料的LA、LA∶AA、DM和NDF,降低pH、NH3-N∶TN、AA、BA和CP(P<0.05)。在此基础上,添加玉米可进一步提高LA、LA∶AA、DM和降低pH、AA(P<0.05)。在pH、NH3-N∶TN、LA、AA、BA和CP上,玉米添加量为8%、12%和16%的处理组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。在NH3-N∶TN、LA、BA、LA∶AA和DM上,马铃薯品种和米糠、玉米的混合比例间存在互作(P<0.05)。总之,马铃薯茎叶靑贮料的发酵品质随品种而变化,青薯169号马铃薯茎叶具有较好的青贮特性,并且添加15%米糠和8%玉米即可获得高品质的青贮饲料。Effect of adding different varieties of rice bran and corn on the fermentation quality and nutrient release from potato stems and leaf silage were investigated in a 2×6 experiment.The two varieties were Zhuangshu3 and Qingshu169.The six mixing levels included potato stems and leaves only,85%potato stems and leaves with 15%rice bran(mixing rice bran alone),81%potato stems and leaves with 15%rice bran and 4%corn(4%corn),77%potato stems and leaves with 15%rice bran and 8%corn(8%corn),73%potato stems and leaves with 15%rice bran and 12%corn(12%corn),and 69%potato stems and leaves with 15%rice bran and 16%corn(16%corn).The results showed that Zhuangshu3 had lower dry matter(DM),neutral detergent fiber(NDF),ash,crude protein(CP),and Ca content but higher pH and buffering capacity(BC)than Qingshu169.The Qingshu169 silage had lesser lactic acid(LA),butyric acid(BA),CP,DM,and NDF content,as well as lower ammonia nitrogen∶total nitrogen(NH 3-N∶TN)and LA∶acetic acid(AA)ratios than the Zhuangshu3 silage(P<0.05).Ensiling potato stems and leaves alone provided the worst silage quality.Mixing rice bran alone increased LA∶AA ratio,as well as DM,NDF content,and decreased pH,NH 3-N∶TN ratio,and AA,BA,and CP content(P<0.05).Mixing corn further increased LA,LA∶AA ratio,DM,and reduced the pH and AA content(P<0.05).No difference(P>0.05)in pH,NH 3-N∶TN ratio and content of LA,AA,BA,and CP was observed among the 8%,12%,and 16%corn groups.There was a significant effect of the potato variety used and the mixing levels(P<0.05)on the LA,BA,and DM content,as well as the NH 3-N∶TN and LA∶AA ratios.In conclusion,the fermentation characteristics of potato stems and leaves could vary with the variety of the plant used;the Qingshu169 silage had better silage characteristics with the optimal mixing level being 15%rice bran and 8%corn.

关 键 词：混合青贮 发酵特性 发酵系数 营养成分 互作 缓冲能值 水溶性碳水化合物 

分 类 号：S816.53[农业科学—饲料科学]