巢湖生态环境现状及保护对策分析  

Ecological and environmental status of Chaohu Lake and protection countermeasures

作　　者：王晓媛[1] 江波[1] 杨梦斐[1] 毕雪[1] WANG Xiaoyuan;JIANG Bo;YANG Mengfei;BI Xue(Changjiang Water Resources Protection Institute,Wuhan 430051,China)

机构地区：[1]长江水资源保护科学研究所,湖北武汉430051

出　　处：《人民长江》2018年第17期24-30,共7页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFC0405303);水利部预算项目(H017001)

摘　　要：巢湖是全国五大淡水湖之一,是长江下游重要的生态湿地,具有多种重要生态功能。采用配对样本T检验、Mann-Kendall非参数检验和单因子评价法分别对巢湖水位变化趋势、9个常规监测点的水质监测数据及5个补充监测点的监测数据进行分析评价。结果发现:(1)巢湖水位近年来显著抬升,且11月至次年6月水位表现为显著或极显著增加趋势。巢湖水位显著抬升能明显扩大湖泊环境容量、提高水体自净能力、促使江湖生物交换,对减轻水体富营养化、抑制湖区蓝藻暴发、改善水环境质量具有重要作用。(2)巢湖水质总体较差,主要污染指标为TN、TP、氨氮。其中,氨氮超标与城镇生活污水和工业废水等点源污染排污有关,TN和TP超标与农村生活污水、农田退水、畜禽养殖等面源污染及城镇生活和工业废水等点源污染排放有关。在对巢湖水位现状及变化趋势、水质及污染源现状、湿地资源现状及巢湖主要环境问题分析的基础上,提出了相应的生态环境保护对策,对于巢湖水环境治理和生态保护具有重要的意义。Chaohu Lake is one of the five largest freshwater lakes in China and is an important ecological wetland in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,which has many important ecological functions.Paired Sample T Test,Mann-Kendall Non-parameter Check and Single Factor Assessment were employed respectively to analyze the water level variation tendency of Chaohu Lake and water quality data of 9 regular monitoring points and 5 supplement monitoring points.The results showed that(1)the water level of Chaohu Lake rise significantly in recent years,especially showing a significant or extremely significant rising tendency from November to next June.The significant rising level of Chaohu Lake can obviously increase the environment capacity and water self-purification capacity,promote biological exchange of the Yangtze River and the lake and is of great significance to reducing eutrophication of water body,inhibiting cyanobacteria outbreak and improving water environment.(2)Chaohu Lake is generally bad in water quality and the main pollutants are TN,TP and ammonia nitrogen,in which,excessive ammonia nitrogen is related to point pollution of municipal sewage and industrial waste water etc.Excessive TN and TP are related to non-point pollution of rural sewage and agricultural water recession,livestock culture etc.as well as point pollution of municipal sewage and industrial waste water etc.This paper analyzes the water level status and variation tendency,water quality and pollution sources,wetland resources status and the main environment problems of Chaohu Lake and suggests correspondent countermeasures of ecological environment,which has significance to the water environment treatment and ecological protection of Chaohu Lake.

关 键 词：水位变化 水质分析 环境现状 保护对策 巢湖 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]