软颗粒饲料对“红膏蟹”培育生长、存活和营养成分的影响  

Effect of Soft Pelleted Feed on Growth,Survival and Ovarian Composition in Mature Mud Crab

作　　者：黄伟卿 陈爱平[2] 张艺 林培华 叶海辉[4] 单秀娟[5,6] 李进寿 阮少江[2] HUANG Weiqing;CHEN Aiping;ZHANG Yi;LIN Peihua;YE Haihui;SHAN Xiujuan;LI Jinshou;RUAN Shaojiang(Ningde Dingcheng Fishery Company Limited,Ningde 352100,China;College of Life Science Ningde Normal University,Ningde 352100,China;Fishery Technology Promotion Station,Ningde 352100,China;College of Ocean and Earth Sciences,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361102,China;Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 2 6 6 1 0 0,China)

机构地区：[1]宁德市鼎诚水产有限公司,福建宁德352100 [2]宁德师范学院生命科学院,福建宁德352100 [3]宁德市水产技术推广站,福建宁德352100 [4]厦门大学海洋与地球学院,福建厦门361102 [5]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071 [6]青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室,海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《水产科学》2018年第5期605-611,共7页Fisheries Science

基　　金：福建省星火项目(2016S0055);福建省公益性项目(2018R1037-1);2017年宁德市现代渔业结构调整资金资助项目(宁财农指[017]65号);宁德师范学院科研发展资金资助项目(2016FZ24).

摘　　要：将平均体质量(453.6±46.91)g、已交配的健康锯缘青蟹饲养在36cm×26cm×27cm塑料箱中,投喂由鲜杂鱼糜加淀粉、电解多维粉末和卡拉胶制得的软颗粒饲料,培育锯缘青蟹"红膏蟹"。试验结果表明,29~31d育成"红膏蟹";投喂软颗粒饲料的青蟹肌肉占比(59.89%~60.84%)显著低于投喂冰鲜杂鱼和贝类的青蟹(P<0.05),但培育成活率(96.9%~97.1%)、质量增加率(67.26%~69.47%)、特定增长率(1.39%/d^1.53%/d)、可食部分(65.67%~66.32%)和红膏占比(17.36%~17.68%)均显著高于投喂冰鲜杂鱼和贝类的青蟹(P<0.05);软颗粒饲料组"红膏蟹"肌肉中粗蛋白、脂肪和水分的含量分别为19.9%、0.8%和75.1%,生殖腺中粗蛋白、脂肪和水分含量分别为30.59%、14.50%和54.69%,肌肉和生殖腺中必需氨基酸的含量分别为5.59%和8.14%,呈味氨基酸的含量分别为6.50%和9.90%,氨基酸评分分别为71.7和100,肌肉和生殖腺中饱和脂肪酸总量分别为44.0%和49.2%,单不饱和脂肪酸总量分别为24.6%和29.2%,多不饱和脂肪酸总量分别为27.9%和15.7%;投喂软颗粒饲料提高了青蟹肌肉中粗蛋白的含量和青蟹的营养价值。The healthy mated mud crab{Scylla serrata)with mean body weight of(453.6+46.91)g were raised in the plastic box(36 cm X 26 cm X 27 cm),and fed soft pelleted diet prepared from fresh mixed surimi,starch,electrolytic vitamin premix and carrageenan.The results showed that the ovary was completely mature from 29 d to 31 d in the mud crab fed the soft pelleted diet,returning to be“a red ovary crabw with muscular contents of 59.8 9%-60.8 4%,significantly lower than that in the animals fed trash fish and shellfish(P<0.05).There were significantly higher survival rate(96.9%-97.1%),weight gain rate(67.2 6%-69.4 7%),growth rate(1.39%/d-1.5 3%/d),and proportions of an edible part(65.67%-66.32%)and ovarian maturation(17.3 6%-17.68%)in the mud crab fed the soft pelleted diet than that in the crab fed trash fish and shellfish(P<0.05).The mud crab fed the soft pelleted diet had protein of 30.5 9%,fat of 14.5 0%,moisture of 54.6 9%,essential amino acid(EAA)of 8.14%,and delicious amino acid(DAA)of 9.90%in ovary and protein of 19.9%,fat of 0.8%,moisture of 75.1%,EAA of 5.59%,and DAA of 6.50%in the muscles,with amino acid score of 71.7 in the muscles and 100 in ovary.There were 44.0%of saturated fatty acid(SFA),49.2%of monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA),and 24.6%of polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)in the muscles and 29.2%of SFA,27.9%of MUFA and 15.7%of PUFA in ovary of the mud crab fed the soft pelleted diet,indicating that soft pelleted diet improves levels of protein and nutritional value in mud crab.

关 键 词：软颗粒饲料 锯缘青蟹 生长 营养成分 

分 类 号：S968.25[农业科学—水产养殖]