基于螺旋贝壳仿生的发动机增压器涡轮蜗壳设计提升涡轮性能  

Bionic design of turbocharger volute based on spiral shells Neverita didyma improving turbine performance

作　　者：吴娜[1] 张克松[1] 王希波[1] 马云海 Wu Na;Zhang Kesong;Wang Xibo;Ma Yunhai(Collage of Automotive Engineering,ShanDong JiaoTong University,Jinan 250357,China;Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering,Ministry of Education,Jilin University,Changchun 130022,China)

机构地区：[1]山东交通学院汽车工程学院,济南250357 [2]吉林大学工程仿生教育部重点实验室,长春130022

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2018年第19期60-65,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51505259;51475205);山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2015EL026)

摘　　要：增压器蜗壳性能直接影响增压器整体效率和性能。通过降低蜗壳内腔流动阻力、减少蜗壳能量损失对提高增压器效率和性能具有重要意义。海洋螺旋形贝壳在进化过程中形成了减少流体阻力、降低运动过程中流体能量损耗的结构特征。该文以螺旋贝壳为仿生原型,通过逆向工程技术获取贝壳内腔数据,在几何分析的基础上提取内腔截面部分数据作为仿生蜗壳设计原始数据,并完成数学建模。通过数据优化得到增压器涡轮蜗壳仿生设计截面曲线,实现蜗壳仿生曲面设计。建立原型增压器和仿生增压器计算模型,在原型增压器仿真模型与台架试验吻合较好的条件下,采用流体力学软件对原型及仿生优化增压器涡轮效率、流通特性及蜗壳内流态等性能进行仿真分析。结果表明,涡轮流通能力不变情况下,仿生蜗壳使涡轮效率提升3%,最大可提升5%以上;流场分析结果表明,仿生优化蜗壳减小蜗壳壁面附近的流动损失和流道内气流摩擦,壳内流动平稳均匀,无旋流,是涡轮效率明显提高的根源。本文所采用的方法对增压器涡轮性能的提升显著,可以为汽车和农业机械涡轮增压系统设计和优化提供参考和借鉴。The performance of the supercharger volute directly affects the overall efficiency and capability of the turbocharger.It is important to improve the efficiency and performance of the turbocharger by reducing the flow resistance and decreasing the energy loss of the volute.Many measures are taken to improve the efficiency of the volute.Ocean spiral shells have evolved to reduce fluid resistance and cut down fluid energy loss during motion.In this paper,the spiral shell was taken as the biomimetic prototype,and the cavity data of the spiral shells were obtained by reverse engineering technology.The internal cavity cross-section data of shells were extracted in the range of 270 degrees.After the cross-section curves were optimized,they were taken as the section curves to construct the bionic volute.And then the volute bionic surface design was realized.The computational models of the prototype and bionic supercharger were finished.Taking the turbocharger volute of the gasoline engine with 1.5-liter displacement as the research object,the numerical analysis method was used to realize the performance difference between the bionic volute and the prototype volute.First,the prototype numerical model’s reliability was verified.Then the bionic volute was matched with the prototype turbine system.The numerical simulation of the bionic volute and the prototype volute was carried out in the range of common working conditions,and the difference between the two was explored from the microscopic flow field.During the modeling process,the A/R values of the two turbine volutes were the same,and the outlet width of the volute was consistent with the outlet diameter.The verification test was carried out on a QYZ-2 turbocharger test bench.The inlet flow of the compressor was measured by a double-line flowmeter,and the maximum measurement error was less than 2%FS.Both the inlet and the outlet of the compressor were provided with a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor.The turbine inlet was provided with a turbine inlet pressure s

关 键 词：仿生 设计 试验 涡轮蜗壳 涡轮效率 螺旋贝壳 流通能力 

分 类 号：TB17[生物学—生物工程]