周公训诫:“无彝酒”与“德将无醉”--经学诠释下《酒诰》对酒的使用控制与德性规定  

Duke of Zhou's Admonishment of “Non-Frequent Drinking” and “One's Morality Should Restrict Him from Getting Drunk”:the Alcohol Control and Moral Stipulation in Jiu Gao in the Interpretation of Confucian Classics

作　　者：余治平[1,2,3,4,5,6,7] 唐艳 Yu Zhiping;Tang Yan

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学哲学系 [2]中华孔子学会董仲舒研究委员会 [3]中国人民大学孔子研究院 [4]中华全国外国哲学史学会 [5]中国现代外国哲学学会 [6]中华孔子学会 [7]山东亚太礼学文化研究院 [8]上海市震旦学院教育学院

出　　处：《中国社会科学院研究生院学报》2018年第5期14-22,146,共9页Journal of Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

基　　金：本文系国家社会科学基金项目“孔子之前儒者的身份、职事与行状研究”(17BZX007)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《周书·酒诰》是周公对卫侯康叔的政治嘱托,尤其强调戒酒、断酒、止酒的重要性。按照周公的规劝,经常不正当饮酒、酗酒,容易为非作歹而败坏世风。喝酒过量会引发非理性,瓦解自制力,甚至导致丧德丧邦,故酗酒不免要受到天罚。"无彝酒"是要求降低饮酒的频次,公卿王孙不能常饮,其原因则出于经济成本、政治统御、信仰信念方面的考虑。但酒在供奉过天帝神祖、完成祭祀之礼后,当饮则饮也不为错。文王、周公始终把酒与个体自我的品行修养捆绑在一起,赋予喝酒以道德内涵和礼教规定,试图借酒立德,通过酒精的检验而确证自己的德性品格。君王教化天下,要从喝酒这样的小事着手,轻忽它则会拉低德性要求而有损德性积淀与培养。酒是天地精华,来源于直接关涉无数人的生命存在的土地与粮食,所以不允许浪费挥霍。As a piece of Confucian classics,Jiu Gao in Zhou Shu was Duke of Zhou s political entrustment to Duke Kangshu in Wei State,in which he emphasized on the importance of giving up and banning alcohol.According to Duke of Zhou,often and improper drinking and indulgence in alcohol could result in evil doings and ethos corruption.What s more,liquor would bring about irrationality and break self-control,making people lose morality and then the country,and inducing the punishment of the God.“Non-frequent drinking”required ministers and royal family members not to drink frequently out of the considerations about economic cost,political control and religious belief.However,after the sacrificial rites for the gods and ancestors,it is not a fault to drink appropriately.King Wen of Zhou dynasty and the Duke of Zhou always bound drinking and personal characters together,giving drinking moral and ethical connotation to build up social morality,and verify the moral characters of themselves through the test of alcohol.The kings and dukes wanted to educate the nation through the trivial matter of drinking and advocated that overlooking this matter would lessen the requirement and harm the cultivation of morality.They also believed that as the essence of the heaven and the earth,alcohol roots in lands and crops,which concern myriads of people s lives directly,so it is not permitted to waste alcohol.

关 键 词：周公 酒诰 无彝酒 德将无醉 酒德 

分 类 号：B21[哲学宗教—中国哲学]