禁忌、厌胜与调适:哈尼族族际通婚的社会文化同构历程  

Taboos,Yasheng and Adaptation:Social and Cultural Coordination Process in Ethnic Intermarriage of Hani People

作　　者：郑佳佳[1,2] 马翀炜 ZHENG Jia-jia;MA Chong-wei(Center for Studies of Chinese Southwest’s Borderland Ethnic Minorities,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China;School of International Studies,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学西南边疆少数民族研究中心,云南昆明650091 [2]昆明理工大学国际学院,云南昆明650093

出　　处：《北方民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2018年第5期58-65,共8页Journal of North Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：云南大学民族学一流学科建设项目"世界文化遗产哈尼梯田民族艺术展演研究"(2017sy10057)

摘　　要：全球化背景下新的生产生活方式使不同族群的人们有了无论是广度还是深度都远胜从前的社会交往活动,从而也使存在族际通婚禁忌的族群有可能实现跨族婚嫁。为抹去外族媳妇的他族族群身份标记,实现祈吉避邪目的而施行的对外族媳妇"改族称""改姓名""改口"的厌胜行为,是红河南岸哈尼族接受族际通婚的一个阶段性手段。传统的婚姻禁忌被不断打破而并未产生社会危机这一事实被不断认识之后,具有一定消极性的厌胜手段逐渐式微,有助于扩大社会交往的各种新的文化调适策略不断出现。社会交往扩大引起的社会与文化的抵牾因积极的文化调适而得以消除并实现动态的同构。为达成族际通婚而实践的种种社会文化交往行为,都表明了哈尼族在融入现代社会的进程中拥有能够实现传统与现代平衡、个体诉求与集体利益兼顾,以及我群与他者相互理解的文化方式和文化自信。In the context of globalization,the new mode of production and lifestyle makes people of different ethnic groups involving into broader and deeper social interaction,and thus intermarriage becomes possible for ethnic groups which have their own marriage taboos.In order to erase the identity marks of daughter-in-law from other ethnic groups and achieve good fortune instead of bad fortune,Hani people on the South Bank of the Red River take periodical action in way of Yasheng(overpowering and consistency)through changing ethnic identity,names and forms of address of their daughters-in-law.When Hani people find out that there is no social crisis brought out by breaking the traditional taboos,Yasheng actions gradually fade away while Hani people begin to adapt more positive cultural adaptation strategies which are helpful for expanding social interaction.Social and cultural conflicts caused by the expansion of social interaction are eliminated by energetic cultural adjustment and thus dynamic coordination comes true.All kinds of social and cultural communication practices which aim to fulfill interracial marriage have shown that Hani people enjoy their specific cultural methods and cultural confidence to realize the balance between traditional and modern,individual demands and collective interests,and the mutual understanding with others in the process of integrating into the modern society.

关 键 词：哈尼族 族际通婚 厌胜 社会建构 文化调适 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]