从孔孟“仁者爱人”到朱熹“仁者,爱之理,心之德”  

From Kong Meng's “The benevolent loves others” to Zhu Xi's “Bnevolence is the principle of love and the virtue of heart”

作　　者：乐爱国[1] LE Ai-guo(School of Philosophy,Xiamen University,Xiamen,Fujian 361005,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学哲学系,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《南昌大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2018年第4期5-14,共10页Journal of Nanchang University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大攻关项目"百年朱子学研究精华集成"(12JZD007)

摘　　要：对于孔子讲"仁",朱熹发挥孟子所言"仁,人心也",认为"仁"是以仁之性为体,发用于爱之情,由内而外不断生发的动态过程,兼性情、体用、仁爱、内外于一体,既不是汉唐诸儒"以爱为仁",又不是二程门人"离爱而言仁",因而是"爱之理"。同时,仁又具"生意",而包"仁义礼智"四德,贯"恻隐、羞恶、辞让、是非"四端,因而是"心之德",是"人心之全德""本心之全德"。相对于今天对孔子"仁"的解读,或只讲"仁"为外在道德,或只讲"仁"为内在心性,将二者分别开来,朱熹把"仁"界定为"爱之理,心之德",仍具有重要的学术价值。As to Confucius’s“benevolence”,Zhu Xi plays Meng Zi’s words“benevolence and human heart”,and thinks that“benevolence”is based on the nature of benevolence,and sends the dynamic process of being used to love,from inside to outside,with nature,body use,benevolence and internal and external.As a result,“benevolence”is“the reason of love”.At the same time,benevolence has“business”and the four ends of“benevolence and righteousness,”“compassion,shame,rhetoric,and quarrel”,and therefore the“virtue of heart”,“the whole virtue of the heart”,“the full virtue of the heart”.Compared to today’s interpretation of Confucius’s“benevolence”,or taking“benevolence”as the external morality,or taking“benevolence”as the inner heart,Zhu Xi defines“benevolence”as“love and heart”.It still has important academic value.

关 键 词：孔子 孟子 朱熹 仁 爱之理 心之德 

分 类 号：B244.7[哲学宗教—中国哲学]