伴生芹菜和紫背天葵对连作豇豆生长发育及根际土壤环境的影响  

Effect of celery and gynura bicolor as companion crops on growth and development of cowpea as continuous crop and soil rhizosphere

作　　者：陈昱[1] 张福建[1] 杨有新[1] 王强[1] 王丰 吴才君[1] CHEN Yu;ZHANG Fu-jian;YANG You-xin;WANG Qiang;WANG Feng;WU Cai-jun(College of Agronomy,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2018年第5期1406-1414,共9页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：江西省现代农业科研协同创新专项经费(JXXTCX2015005-002);江西省重点研发计划项目重大项目(20161ACF60015);江西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(JXARS-06)资助

摘　　要：【目的】豇豆连年种植易造成产量减少、品质下降,经济效益低。研究伴生芹菜和紫背天葵对连作豇豆生长发育及根际土壤环境的影响,旨在为缓解豇豆连作障碍提供理论依据。【方法】采用豇豆连作土壤进行盆栽试验,设三个处理为豇豆单作(对照)、芹菜伴生豇豆、紫背天葵伴生豇豆。分析了不同处理豇豆生长指标、土壤微生物数量、土壤理化性质、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性及产量。【结果】与单作相比,伴生芹菜处理显著提高了豇豆株高、茎粗、地上鲜重和地上干重23.98%、9.07%、16.14%和16.00%;伴生紫背天葵处理其株高、茎粗与单作无显著差异,地上鲜重和地上干重则显著低于单作。伴生芹菜处理根际土壤放线菌数量最高,较单作处理显著增加了10.06%;真菌数量最低,较单作处理显著降低了41.51%;细菌数量和单作处理之间无显著差别;而伴生紫背天葵处理其放线菌、真菌和细菌数量与单作相比均无显著差异。伴生紫背天葵处理其土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶活性最高,与单作处理相比,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶和酸性磷酸酶活性分别显著增加了7.07%、381.00%、21.63%和42.79%。伴生芹菜处理蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶和酸性磷酸酶活性较单作处理分别显著增加了162.48%、30.75%和35.27%,而脲酶活性与单作处理相比无显著差别。与单作相比,伴生芹菜和紫背天葵分别提高豇豆根际土壤pH 0.98%、1.23%;同时二者分别显著降低土壤电导率9.48%、8.34%。伴生芹菜处理豇豆叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b含量均显著高于其他处理;而伴生紫背天葵处理与单作相比不存在显著差异。伴生芹菜处理豇豆根际土壤过氧化物酶(POD)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)和脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)活性最高,与单作相比,分别显著增加了16.20%、73.49%和17.76%;而过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和单作处理之间不存�【Objectives】Continuous planting of cowpea would cause reduced yield,deteriorated quality and low economic benefit.Effects of growth and rhizosphere soil properties by celery and gynura bicolor as companion crops of continuous cropping cowpea were studied to provide a theoretical basis for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles of cowpea.【Methods】A pot experiment was conducted using the cowpea continuous cropping soil.There were three treatments,cowpea monoculture(control),celery and cowpea intercropping,and gynura bicolor and cowpea intercropping.Growth index,soil microbial quantity,soil physical and chemical property,chlorophyll content,antioxidant enzyme activity and yields in different treatments were investigated.【Results】Compared with the monoculture control,the plant heights,stem diameters,fresh and dry weights of cowpea were significantly increased by 23.98%,9.07%,16.14%and 16.00%in the celery treatment,respectively;while the plant height and stem diameter were not increased significantly,and the shoot fresh and dry weights were significantly decreased in the bicolor treatment.The actinomyces population was significantly increased by 10.06%,but the fungi population was significantly decreased by 41.51%in the soils of celery treatment.There was no significant difference in the population of bacteria between celery treatment and control,nor in the population of actinomycetes,fungi and bacteria between the bicolor treatment and the control.The activities of soil urease,invertase,polyphenol oxidase and acid phosphatase were the highest,and were increased by 7.07%,381.00%,21.63%and 42.79%in bicolor treatment,and the activities of invertase,polyphenol oxidase and acid phosphatase and acid phosphatase were significantly increased by 162.48%,30.75%and 35.27%in the celery treatment,respectively,while the urease activity had not been impacted significantly.The soil pH were significantly increased 0.98%and 1.23%of the accompanied celery and gynura bicolor treatments,while the soil conductivity were pro

关 键 词：伴生 芹菜 紫背天葵 连作豇豆 生长发育 根际土壤 

分 类 号：S643.4[农业科学—蔬菜学] S158[农业科学—园艺学]