日光温室灌溉模式及土壤管理对盐分的影响  

Effects of Irrigation Mode and Soil Management on Soluble Salt in Solar Greenhouse

作　　者：梁斌[1,2] 董静 王群艳[1,2] 李飞[1,2] 李俊良 LIANG Bin;DONG Jing;WANG Qunyan;LI Fei;LI Junliang(School of Resource and Environment,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao,Shandong 266109;Shandong Engineering Research Center for Integrated Management of Water and Fertilizer, Qingdao,Shandong 266109;Agricultural Bureau of Shouguang,Shouguang,Shandong 262300)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学资源与环境学院,山东青岛266109 [2]山东省水肥一体化工程技术研究中心,山东青岛266109 [3]寿光市农业局,山东寿光262300

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2018年第5期157-162,169,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31401947);山东省重点研发计划项目(2017CXGC205)

摘　　要：滴灌施肥和秸秆还田通过影响盐分投入量、灌溉水运移等影响盐分在土壤表层的累积,灌水洗盐是降低土壤盐分累积的重要措施。通过测定长期滴灌和漫灌模式下不同秸秆处理中休闲期间土壤耕层盐分含量变化,分析了日光温室灌溉模式及土壤管理对盐分的影响。结果表明:在作物收获后,滴灌模式和漫灌模式下全盐含量平均分别为2 402,1 713mg/kg,滴灌模式下全盐含量的增加主要来源于Ca^(2+)、SO_4^(2-)和NO_3^-离子的增加,分别占全盐增加量的12.9%,63.4%,23.6%。施用秸秆使滴灌模式下盐分含量显著增加5.8%~23.4%,但对漫灌模式下的盐分含量无显著影响。休闲期间的单次大水漫灌使滴灌模式下Mg^(2+)、Na^+、K^+和NO_3^-的含量显著降低58%~69%,61%~63%,37%~50%,37%~45%,使漫灌模式下Mg^(2+)和NO_3^-离子显著降低38%~44%,5%~12%,对该模式下其他阳离子含量无显著影响。HCO_3^-在休闲期间变幅大,变化趋势与NO_3^-趋势相反。休闲期间的土壤管理使滴灌模式土壤盐分显著降低29%,漫灌模式降幅仅为8.7%。总体来说,滴灌模式及在此模式下施用秸秆显著增加土壤盐分含量,经休闲期间的大水漫灌和高温闷棚过程后盐分降低明显,但仍稍高于漫灌模式,应在生产中进一步降低氮、钾肥及硫基水溶肥的施用量。Drip irrigation and straw returning affected the accumulation of salt in the surface soil by affecting the amount of salt input and the migration of irrigation water,and irrigation and salt washing are important measures to reduce the accumulation of salt in soil.The effect of long-term drip irrigation mode and soil management on salt content were analyzed by measuring the change of salt content in soil plough layer during summer fallow under the model of long-term drip irrigation and flooding irrigation and different straw treatments.The results showed that after the harvest,the total salt content of the drip irrigation mode and the flood irrigation mode was 2 402 and 1 713 mg/kg,respectively.The increase of the total salt content under the drip irrigation mode was mainly from the increasing of Ca 2+,SO 4 2-and NO 3-ions,which accounted for 12.9%,63.4%and 23.6%of the total salt increase,respectively.The addition of wheat or maize straw significantly increased the content of soil salt by 5.8%~23.4%under the drip irrigation,but it had no effect on the soil salt under flood irrigation mode.The single flood irrigation during summer fallow significantly decreased the content of Mg 2+、Na+、K+and NO 3-by 58%~69%,61%~63%,37%~50%,and 37%~45%under drip irrigation mode,respectively,and significantly decreased the content of Mg 2+and NO 3-by 38%~44%and 5%~12%under flood irrigation mode,respectively,while it had no significant effect on the other cations under this mode.HCO 3-changed greatly during the summer fallow,and the trend of change was opposite to that of NO 3-.The soil salt content significantly decreased by 29%and 8.7%under drip and flood irrigation mode during the summer fallow,respectively.In general,the drip irrigation mode and straw addition under this mode significantly increased the soil salt content,and the soil management during summer fallow played an obvious role in declining the soil salt.After the flood irrigation and the high temperature shed during summer fallow,the salt content decreased obviously

关 键 词：滴灌 秸秆 土壤阳离子 高温闷棚 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学]