氮肥基追比例对测墒补灌小麦植株氮素利用及土壤氮素表观盈亏的影响  

Effects of Basal/Topdressing Nitrogen Fertilizer on Nitrogen Utilization in Wheat Plants and Soil Nitrogen Apparent Budget Under Supplemental Irrigation Based on Measuring Soil Moisture

作　　者：张振[1] 于振文[1] 张永丽[1] 石玉[1] ZHANG Zhen;YU Zhenwen;ZHANG Yongli;SHI Yu(Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an,Shandong 271018)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农业部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2018年第5期240-245,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2016CM34);农业部现代小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-3-1-19);国家自然科学基金项目(31771717)

摘　　要：以中筋小麦济麦22为试材,在小麦拔节期和开花期0—40cm土层土壤相对含水量均补灌至70%和总施氮量为240kg/hm^2条件下,设置5个氮肥基追比例处理:0∶10(N1)、3∶7(N2)、5∶5(N3)、7∶3(N4)、10∶0(N5),研究测墒补灌节水栽培条件下氮肥基追比例对小麦植株氮素利用和土壤氮素表观盈亏的影响。结果表明:N3处理的植株氮素积累量、籽粒氮素积累量显著高于其他基追比例处理;营养器官氮素积累量、土壤矿质氮损失量、氮肥表观残留率和氮肥表观损失率显著低于其他处理。与N1、N2、N4、N5处理相比,N3处理的氮素生理利用率分别高33.22%,12.60%,11.54%,98.14%,籽粒氮素利用率高148.65%,56.48%,59.63%,229.29%,氮肥农学效率高96.52%,34.86%,37.64%,204.98%,氮素表观盈亏量分别低35.04%,13.82%,30.36%,29.30%。根据不同氮肥基追比例下各指标的相关系数分析表明,植株氮素积累量、籽粒氮素积累量、氮素生理利用率、籽粒氮肥利用率、氮肥农学效率与土壤硝态氮积累量、成熟期0—200cm土层土壤矿质氮残留总量均呈显著负相关。综上,氮肥基追比例为5∶5的N3处理为试验条件下的最优处理。In order to study the effects of basal/topdressing nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen utilization and soil nitrogen apparent loss under water saving cultivation,this study took the cultivar Jimai 22 as the experimental material,and set up five treatments with different basal/topdressing nitrogen(0∶10(N1),3∶7(N2),5∶5(N3),7∶3(N4)and 10∶0(N5)).And the preconditions of the experiment were that the total nitrogen application rate was 240 kg/hm 2,and the relative water content of the 0-40 cm soil layer was maintained up to 70%at the joining and anthesis stages.The results showed that the nitrogen accumulation amounts and nitrogen accumulation in grain of the N3 treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments,while the nitrogen accumulation in vegetative organs,loss of mineral nitrogen,apparent residual rate of nitrogen fertilizer and apparent loss rate of nitrogen fertilizer were significantly lower than those of other treatments.Compared with N1,N2,N4 and N5 treatments,in the N3 treatments,the nitrogen utilization ratio increased by 33.22%,12.60%,11.54%and 98.14%,respectively,and grain nitrogen recovery efficiency increased by 148.65%,56.48%,59.63%and 229.29%,respectively,nitrogen agronomic efficiency increased by 96.52%,34.86%,37.64%and 204.98%,respectively,apparent budget of nitrogen decreased by 35.04%,13.82%,30.36%and 29.30%,respectively.According to the correlation coefficient analysis of different basal/topdressing nitrogen fertilizer,nitrogen accumulation amounts,nitrogen accumulation in grain,nitrogen utilization ratio,grain nitrogen recovery efficiency,nitrogen agronomic were significantly negatively correlated with NO 3-N content and total amount of residual mineral nitrogen in the 0-200 cm soil layer of mature period.In conclusion,the treatment with base/topdressing nitrogen fertilizer of 5∶5 was the best treatment under the experimental conditions.

关 键 词：测墒补灌小麦 氮肥基追比例 氮素利用 氮素表观盈亏 

分 类 号：S147.3[农业科学—肥料学] S158.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]