沙地改植榛子林后地表径流和土壤侵蚀特征的研究  

Surface Runoff and Soil Erosion of Corylus heterophylla Replantation in Sandy Land

作　　者：邓继峰[1,2] 李国忠 曹忠杰[4] 王刚 金煜[1] 李景浩[5] 马瑞 王先俐 DENG Ji-feng;LI Guo-zhong;CAO Zhong-jie;WANG Gang;JIN Yu;LI Jing-hao;MA Rui;WANG Xian-li(LI Jing-hao5,MA Rui1,WANG Xian-li1(1.College of Forestry,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China;Liaohe Plain Forest Ecosystem Research Station,Changtu Liaoning 112500,China;Foreign Affairs Office,Liaoning Forestry Department,Shenyang 110001,China;Liaoning Water Resources Department,Shenyang 110003,China;Forest Pest Control Station of the State Forestry Administration,Shenyang 110034,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学林学院,沈阳110161 [2]辽宁辽河平原森林生态系统定位研究站,辽宁昌图112500 [3]辽宁省林业厅外资项目办公室,沈阳110001 [4]辽宁省水利厅,沈阳110003 [5]国家林业局森林病虫害防治总站,沈阳110034

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2018年第5期566-573,共8页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：辽宁省博士科研启动基金项目(20170520247);沈阳农业大学引进人才启动经费项目(2015);沈阳农业大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2017)

摘　　要：为了给辽宁省北部地区山区水土保持经济林的选择与水土流失的生态治理提供科学依据,对辽宁省北部地区典型沙地改植榛子林后的2012,2013和2016年进行水土流失定位监测。监测点小区为2012年春新造榛子林地,原土地为玉米地,无工程造林,土壤类型为砂壤土。监测点建设3个径流小区,集中布设,其中两个为沙地改植榛子林,1个为对照坡地,分别于2012、2013和2016年,每年8月中、下旬调查样地内的乔木、灌木、草本和植物总盖度以及乔木、灌木、草本的种类。采用径流小区法,监测地表径流、土壤流失量和土壤侵蚀模数。每次雨后测量集流桶水量,计算地表径流量。取样分析泥沙量,计算土壤流失量和土壤侵蚀模数。并在小区上、下各设1个采样点,每个采样点取土层深度为0～10cm和10～20cm。在每个土壤层面中部用环刀法取样3次重复,测定土壤理化性质。结果表明:项目区监测期间,项目区植物种类均呈增加态势,特别是草本植物增加速度较快,而乔灌木增加较少。另外,植物种类的增加方面榛子林多于对照,至2016年,榛子林的植被盖度达到100%。榛子林样方内植物种类由5种增至24种,对照内植物种类由4种增至为15种;沙地改植榛子林后对水土流失防治效果明显,场次产流过程的地表径流量、土壤流失量与同期有效降雨量和降雨强度呈紧密的线性相关关系,并且随着时间的延长,显著性水平逐渐降低,至2016年,监测点小区无产生径流和土壤流失量发生,显示了工程造林可以迅速减少地表径流和水土流失;项目区监测点土壤理化性质变化来看,至2016年,各项指标含量均有增长,且经常扰动沙地的项目区监测点经过榛子林改造后,土壤容重基本呈增加趋势,榛子林地的土壤有机质和含N、K量始终高于对照区,但由于项目区原土地是熟耕地,所以榛子林与对照林地在相差不大。总体上,林The purpose of this study is to provide scientific basis for the selection of economic forest for soil and water conservation and the ecological management in the mountainous area of Northern Liaoning Province.Typical Corylus heterophylla replantation runoff plots in sandy land of Northern Liaoning were selected to analyze the surface runoff and soil erosion characteristics in the years of 2012,2013 and 2016.The results showed that the vegetation coverage and plant species were obviously increased both in Corylus heterophylla plots and control check plot,especially the herb species in 5-year monitoring.In addition,the increase of plant species in the Corylus heterophylla forest plot was more than that in CK,the vegetation coverage in Corylus heterophylla plots reached to 100%in 2016.Plant species were increased from 5 to 24 in Corylus heterophylla plots,while increased from 4 to 15 in control check plot.Corylus heterophylla replantation plots had obvious effect on water loss and soil erosion controlling.Surface runoff and soil loss had closely linear correlation with effective rainfall amount and rainfall intensity,and the level of significance was reduced with the extension of time.No runoff and soil loss events occurred in 2016,which means that the engineering afforestation could quickly reduce surface runoff and soil erosion. Soil physical and chemical properties in Corylus heterophylla and control check plots were increased from 2012 to 2016.After Corylus heterophylla replantation,the soil bulk density increased,and the soil organic matter,N and K contents were always higher than those in CK.Since the original soil was arable soil,the differences of Corylus heterophylla and control check plots were little.Overall,the woodland had better water and nutrient retention abilities than that of control check.To sum up,Corylus heterophylla replantation can eventually form a relatively high vegetation density,then reduce the surface runoff,soil erosion and soil nutrient loss in northwestern Liaoning,thus it has good

关 键 词：辽宁北部沙地 榛子 径流小区 水土流失 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]