互花米草入侵对长江河口湿地CH_4排放的影响  

Effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on CH_4 emissions from wetlands of the Yangtze River estuary,China

作　　者：布乃顺[1,2,3] 杨骁 郭昊[1] 杨亚利 赵忆惠 马放 李博[4] 方长明[4] 闫卓君[5] BU Nai-shun;YANG Xiao;GUO Hao;YANG Ya-li;ZHAO Yi-hui;MA Fang;LI Bo;FANG Chang-ming;YAN Zhuo-jun(School of Environmental Science,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110036,China;;State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China;State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150090,China;School of Life Science,Fudan University,Shanghai 200438,China;College of Chemistry,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110036,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学环境学院,辽宁沈阳110036 [2]华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室,上海200062 [3]哈尔滨工业大学城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150090 [4]复旦大学生命科学学院,上海200438 [5]辽宁大学化学院,辽宁沈阳110036

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2018年第10期3949-3958,共10页China Environmental Science

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅科学技术研究项目(LYB201615);辽宁省博士启动基金项目(20170520069);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2015ZX07202-012);国家自然科学基金项目(21704037);河口海岸学国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(SKLEC-KF201713);城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室开放基金项目(ES201809);辽宁大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目

摘　　要：为了探讨互花米草入侵对长江河口湿地CH_4排放的影响以及入侵至不同潮位对CH_4排放影响程度的差异及其可能机制,采用邻近互花米草与土著植物群落相配对的试验设计,在长江口东滩湿地的高潮滩和低潮滩各设置1条样线.结果表明,与土著植物相比,互花米草入侵显著增加了长江河口湿地的植物生物量,显著增加了土壤含水量、土壤有机碳含量、总氮含量、微生物碳和氮含量.高潮滩互花米草群落年均CH_4排放强度为(0.68±0.08)mg/(m^2·h),显著高于芦苇群落(0.21±0.01)mg/(m^2·h),低潮滩互花米草和海三棱藨草群落年均CH_4排放速率分别为(8.31±0.50)和(3.93±0.18)mg/(m^2·h),前者显著高于后者.此外,高潮滩互花米草与芦苇群落之间年均CH_4排放强度的差异为(0.47±0.08)mg/(m^2·h),显著低于低潮滩互花米草与海三棱藨草群落之间年均CH_4排放强度的差异(4.37±0.48)mg/(m^2·h).上述结果表明,互花米草入侵通过改善CH_4产生所需底物的质和量,增加土壤含水量和微生物的量,从而显著增加了长江河口湿地CH_4排放量.互花米草入侵至低潮滩增加的CH_4排放量是互花米草入侵至高潮滩的10倍左右,表明互花米草入侵至长江河口湿地对CH_4排放的影响程度可能会有很强的空间异质性,互花米草入侵至更厌氧的土壤环境可能会对CH_4排放的影响程度更大.本研究可为准确估算互花米草入侵对中国海岸带湿地CH_4排放的影响程度,科学管理和合理利用海岸带湿地资源以及应对全球气候变化提供理论依据和科技支撑.Spartina alterniflora,an invasive alien species,spreads rapidly in the coastal zones of China.It has become the most important invasive plant in coastal wetlands of China and has significant impacts on ecological structure and function of the key zone to the earth.CH4 is an important greenhouse gas and second only to CO2.In order to investigate effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on CH4 emission and reveal the potential underlying mechanisms of these effects in coastal wetlands of China,each transect was set up in the high and low marshes of wetlands in the Yangtze River estuary,respectively.A pair-wise experimental design between S.alterniflora(invasive plant)and Phragmites australis(native plant)stands in the high marsh,and S.alterniflora and Scirpus mariqueter(native plant)stands in the low marsh,was used at each site of the two transects to minimize the potential effects of background heterogeneities.Compared with native plant stands,S.alterniflora invasion significantly increased plant biomass.Invasion-increase in plant biomass was significantly higher in the high marsh than that in the low marsh,which is beneficial to carbon accumulation in the early succession of coastal ecosystem.S.alterniflora invasion also significantly increased soil moisture,soil organic carbon content,soil nitrogen content,soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents of coastal wetlands of China.CH4 emission rates were significantly higher under S.alterniflora than P.australis stands in the high marsh,with mean values of(0.68±0.08)mg/(m2·h)and(0.21±0.01)mg/(m2·h),respectively.In the low marsh,mean CH4emission rate under S.alterniflora stands was(8.31±0.50)mg/(m2·h)during the study period,which was significantly higher than that under S.mariqueter stands((8.31±0.50)mg/(m2·h)).The difference in mean CH4 emission between S.alterniflora and P.australis stands in the high marsh((0.47±0.08)mg/(m2·h))was significantly lower than that between S.alterniflora and S.mariqueter stands in the low marsh((4.37±0.48)mg/(m2·h

关 键 词：生物入侵 CH4排放 互花米草 长江河口湿地 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]