西施形象与貂蝉形象比较谈——以《浣纱记》和《三国演义》为中心  

A Comparison between Xi Shi's and Diao Chan's Images——Mainly on A Tale of Hair Washing and The Romans of Three Kingdoms

作　　者：张驰 Zhang Chi(School of Literary Arts,Harbin Normal University,Harbin 150025,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学文学院,哈尔滨150025

出　　处：《学术交流》2018年第9期162-167,共6页Academic Exchange

基　　金：黑龙江省哲学社会科学研究规划项目"刘备形象的历史嬗变与仁政思想关系研究"(17WD266);黑龙江省艺术科学规划项目"明清两汉题材戏曲研究"(2017C036)

摘　　要：西施和貂蝉是中国古代文学史上成功实施"美人计"的著名女性形象,将其比较研究可以得到颇多启示。从政治层面观照,西施为报国而献身的行为并非主动,而是范蠡启发、诱导的结果,其内在动力仍是源于爱情;貂蝉较之西施的主动性更为突出,为国牺牲的决心也更坚决。从情感层面透视,西施对范蠡的爱情真挚而深厚,在吴期间的情感忍耐度也超乎常人;相比之下,貂蝉对吕布的爱情并不突出,居于首位的乃是其为父报国的大义。从相关男人层面比较:范蠡一再请求西施实施美人计,虽成就了其报国之愿,但在情感层面则平淡而无光芒;吕布对貂蝉的爱情虽然带有利己性因素,却显得更加浓烈,更为勇敢。从西施和貂蝉的人生结局层面看:《浣纱记》中西施被礼迎返越,受到了勾践及其夫人乃至范蠡、文种的"拜谢",她为国献身的贡献得到了应有的尊重和优待;《三国演义》中貂蝉在"连环计"成功后,虽曾与吕布团圆,但在吕布败亡后却下落不明,终究难逃悲剧的命运。Xi Shi and Diao Chan are the famous female figures who successfully implemented the"beauty trick"in the history of ancient Chinese literature.A comparative study of them can give us much enlightenment.From the political point of view,Xi Shi's devotion to serving her country is not an initiative,but a result of Fan Li's enlightenment and induction.The internal motive of her devotion originate still from love.Diao Chan is more determined to sacrifice for her country.From the perspectives of emotion,Xi Shi's love for Fan Li was sincere and profound,and her emotional endurance during the Wu Dynasty exceeded that of ordinary people;by contrast,Diao Chan's love for Lv Bu was not prominent,but her great righteousness of serving the country for his father ranked first.From the perspective of related men,Fan Li repeatedly asked Xishi to carry out the beauty trick,though it helped him to fulfill the achievement of his desire to serve the country,in the emotion it was insipid and glorious;Lv Bu's love for Diao Chan with self-interest featured more intense and more courageous.From the perspective of Xi Shi’s and Diao Chan’s life patterns,Xi Shi deserved her respect and due treatment from Gou Jian and his wife,Fan Li,and Wen Zhong,which was recorded in A Tale of Hair Washing.In The Romans of Three Kingdoms,Diao Chan reunited with Lv Bu after her success of the serial tricks,but she was lost after Lv Bu's defeat,and eventually inevitably suffered a tragic fate.

关 键 词：西施 貂蝉 《浣纱记》 《三国演义》 

分 类 号：I207.37[文学—中国文学] I207.413