天津塘沽盐场卤虫种群生态调查  

Ecological Investigation of Artemia Population in Tianjin Tanggu Saltworks

作　　者：李荣超 隋丽英 张波 张心禄[2] 王学魁 LI Rongchao;SUI Liying;ZHANG Bo;ZHANG Xinlu;WANG Xuekui(College of Marine and Environmental Sciences,Tianjin University of Science&Technology,Tianjin 300457,China;College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science,Tianjin University of Science&Technology,Tianjin 300457,China;Tianjin Changlu Haijing Group Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300450,China)

机构地区：[1]天津科技大学海洋与环境学院,天津300457 [2]天津长芦海晶集团有限公司,天津300450 [3]天津科技大学化工与材料学院,天津300457

出　　处：《天津科技大学学报》2018年第5期57-62,共6页Journal of Tianjin University of Science & Technology

基　　金：天津市科委科技支撑重点项目(15ZXCXSF00040)

摘　　要：本研究对2016年塘沽盐场盐田卤水理化性质和卤虫种群状况进行了调查分析.采用定点取样方式,以盐度30为梯度,选择9个不同盐度的盐池,于2016年5—11月每月进行取样调查.现场测得卤水盐度、温度和溶氧(DO),在实验室测定卤水pH,卤水经过0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤后,测定其溶解有机碳(DOC)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)含量,分析卤虫种群密度和组成、成虫雌雄比和雌性成虫卵胎生比等.结果表明,盐田卤水pH和DO随盐度的升高而略有下降,分别在7.6～8.9和1.9～4.5 mg/L范围.卤水DOC、TN和TP含量随盐度升高而增加,分别在11.45～90.10 mg/L、2.74～14.29 mg/L和0.07～0.63 mg/L之间.根据卤虫成虫的高雌雄比值1.5～9.0,初步判断塘沽盐场卤虫为孤雌生殖卤虫和两性生殖卤虫的混合种群.卤虫种群密度、组成和生殖方式等受温度和盐度的影响较为明显.春季(5月)卤虫种群密度小,孤雌生殖卤虫种群占优势,卤虫以胎生为主;夏季(6—8月)卤虫种群密度高、孤雌生殖卤虫种群占优势,卤虫以胎生为主;秋季(9—11月)卤虫种群密度逐渐降低,孤雌生殖卤虫种群优势降低,卤虫以卵生为主.在盐度80～180范围内,卤虫密度高,孤雌生殖卤虫占优势,以胎生为主;在盐度190～250范围内,卤虫密度低,两性生殖卤虫占优势,以卵生为主.本调查为研究渤海湾盐田卤水及卤虫种群状况、进行盐田生态调控提供了理论依据.An ecological investigation of Artemia population and physio-chemical parameter analysis of brine were conducted in Tanggu Saltworks,Tianjin,China,in 2016.Nine saltponds with 30 salinity gradient difference were chosen.The sampling was done monthly from May to November,2016.Salinity,temperature and dissolved oxygen(DO)of the brine were measured on-site.The pH,content of dissolved organic carbon(DOC),total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP)in the brine filtrated by 0.22μm membrane were analysed in the laboratory.The density and composition of Artemia population,female/male ratio of adult Artemia,ratio of viviparity and oviparity of female adult Artemia were studied under binocular microscope.The results indicated that pH and DO contents of the brine declined slightly with the increase of salinity,from 7.6 to 8.9,and 1.9 to 4.5 mg/L,respectively.The contents of DOC,TN and TP increased with the increase of salinity,11.45-90.10 mg/L,2.74-14.29 mg/L and 0.07-0.63 mg/L,respectively.Based on the high female/male ratio of Artemia(1.5-9.0),we assumed that there existed mixed Artemia population of both parthenogenetic and bisexual Artemia in Tanggu saltworks.The density,composition and reproductive mode of Artemia were influenced remarkably by the brine temperature and salinity.In spring(May),Artemia density was lower,and parthenogenetic population and nauplii-producing female dominated the Artemia population.In summer(Jun.to Aug.),the highest Artemia density was observed with parthenogenetic population and nauplii-producing female dominating the Artemia population.In autumn(Sep.to Nov.),lower Artemia density was observed again,but the dominant status of parthenogenetic population reduced and female tended to produce cysts.In lower salinity(80-180),higher Artemia density was observed dominated by parthenogenetic population and ovoviviparious reproductivity;while in higher salinity(190-250),lower density was observed dominated by bisexual population and oviparity reproductivity.This survey provides basic information for

关 键 词：盐田 卤虫 雌雄性比 卵胎生比 种群密度 

分 类 号：X174[环境科学与工程—环境科学]