台风强降雨输入水源水库的泥沙沉降模拟分析  

Simulation of the Impact of Typhoon-induced Suspended Solids Precipitation on Water Quality in A Reservoir for Drinking Water

作　　者：姚玲爱[1,2] 赵学敏 马千里[1] 梁荣昌[1] 夏北成 苟婷[1] YAO Lingai;ZHAO Xuemin;MA Qianli;LIANG Rongchang;XIA Beicheng;GOU Ting(South China Institute of Environmental Science,Ministry of Environmental Protection,Guangzhou 510655,China;School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,Sun Yat-sen Unversity,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]环境保护部华南环境科学研究所,广东广州510655 [2]中山大学环境科学与工程学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2018年第10期1900-1907,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41401115);广州市科技计划产学研协同创新重大专项(201704030110)

摘　　要：台风强降雨作用能够引起湖泊水体中悬浮泥沙含量升高、水体营养盐浓度改变、透明度降低,使得藻类生长受到影响。目前关于水体中悬浮泥沙静态沉降的研究主要集中在正常条件下,而有关极端气候台风强降雨后泥沙自然沉降过程对水质的影响研究还相对较少。因此,进行台风强降雨输入水源水库的泥沙静态沉降实验研究,对于分析识别极端气候条件对水源水库水质和富营养化的影响具有重要意义。该研究于2015年10月强台风"彩虹"登陆粤西期间,采集台风强降雨后高州水库含悬浮泥沙的原水,通过实验模拟台风强降雨期间水库含沙原水自然沉降过程中水环境因子的变化情况,分析台风强降雨输入的泥沙沉降对高州水库水质的影响。结果表明,泥沙沉降过程中水体水质变化明显,随沉淀时间延长,水体溶解氧、pH、泥沙含量、浊度、氮磷浓度、叶绿素a、综合营养状态指数(Trophic Level Index,TLI)降低,透明度增大,氮磷比呈先增加后降低趋势;水体叶绿素a浓度与浊度、泥沙含量、总磷、pH和溶解氧呈显著正相关(P<0.001),且与浊度的相关系数最高(r=0.941,P<0.001),与透明度呈显著负相关(P<0.001),与总氮、电导率、CODMn的相关性未达到显著水平(P>0.01);台风后约9d时间,水体pH、电导率、溶解氧、透明度、浊度和泥沙含量可以恢复至正常水平;台风强降雨输入高州水库的泥沙沉降作用降低了水体磷营养盐和叶绿素a浓度,使得综合营养状态指数TLI由中营养水平的41.6降低至贫营养水平的23.4,减缓了高州水库富营养化进程。Heavy rainfall caused by typhoon can induce increase of suspended solids concentration,change of nutrients concentration,decrease of transparency in lakes,and also affect growth of phytoplankton.Recently,sedimentation of suspended solid in waterbodies in ordinary conditions are mainly concerned in most studies,while research that focus on the impacts of suspended solid sedimentation after the extreme heavy rainfalls on water quality is relatively less.Thus,the experimental research on static sedimentation of suspended solids input in drinking water reservoir because of heavy rainfalls during typhoon in this paper is valuable in analyzing the effects of extreme heavy rainfalls on water quality and eutrophication of drinking water reservoir.In this study,water samples with high suspended solids were collected from Gaozhou Reservoir in October 2015 during typhoon“Mujigae”,the sedimentation process of suspended solids in the reservoir was simulated,and changes of several water parameters were analysed to study the impacts of suspended solid sedimentation on water quality of Gaozhou Reservoir.The results showed that water quality changed obviously throughout the process of sedimentation.Along with the increase of sedimentation time,dissolved oxygen(DO),pH,suspended solids concentration,turbidity,total nitrogen concentrations(TN),total phosphorus concentrations(TP),Chlorophyll a concentration(Chl.a),and Trophic Level Index of water decreased,water transparency increased,and TN/TP ratio showed a trend of increasing first and then decreased.Chl.a was positively correlated with turbidity,suspended solids concentration,TP,pH and DO on significant level(P<0.001),and among which the highest correlation coefficient was between Chl.a and turbidity(r=0.941,P<0.001);Chl.a was negatively correlated with transparency on significantly level(P<0.001),while TN,conductivity and CODMn did not show significant correlation with Chl.a(P>0.01).About 9 days after the typhoon strong rainfall,the water pH,conductivity,DO,transparency,turb

关 键 词：水库 台风 降雨 悬浮泥沙 富营养化 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学]