“然”与“自然”:道家“自然”观念的再研究  

So-ness/Approval and Self-So-ness/Self-Approval:A Reinvestigation into the Concept of ziran in Daoism

作　　者：王博[1] Wang Bo

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系

出　　处：《哲学研究》2018年第10期43-53,128,129,共13页Philosophical Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"中国解释学史"(编号12&ZD109);2016年文化名家暨"四个一批"人才自主选题资助项目"形名;混沌和秩序"的阶段性成果

摘　　要：作为体现道家传统核心价值的观念,"自然"经老子提出之后,一直受到后来解释者和研究者的关注。本文从"然"字所包含的存在和价值两方面的意义出发,认为"自然"应该从存在和价值两个方面进行理解。在存在的意义上,"自然"肯定事物自己如此的状态,并要求从事物内部寻找事物如此存在的根据,由此发展出以无为中心的本原理论,并导致对造物者的否定。在价值的意义上,"自然"倾向于肯定每一个事物的意义,要求从事物自身出发来肯定其如此存在的合理性,由此发展出以无名为中心的政治哲学,主张事物的自我命名。本文引入了然、所以然、同然、然不然等,以更好地展开"自然"观念的内涵。As a concept that exhibits a core value in the Daoist tradition,“ziran”has,since its appearance in the Laozi,received extensive attention from commentators and scholars.The starting point of this paper is taking both the aspects of existence and of values as being incorporated into the character ran,and claiming that“ziran”should be understood through both of these aspects.While it has the meaning of existence,“ziran”affirms the situation of things as they are,and moreover demands an introspective search for the confirmation of their existence.Thus comes about a theory of origins which focuses on“nothingness”(wu)and leads to the denial of a creator.Viewed from the aspect of values,“ziran”tends to affirm the significance of each existence,demanding an internal affirmation of the legitimacy of their existence.Thus a political philosophy that emphasizes“namelessness”(wuming)and advocates for the self-naming of things emerged.This paper also uses the words ran,suoyiran,tongran,and ran-buran to expand upon the connotations of the concept of“ziran.”

关 键 词：然 自然 存在 价值 

分 类 号：B223[哲学宗教—中国哲学]