优秀男子柔道运动员膝关节后交叉韧带重建术后的康复体能训练个案研究  

Physical rehabilitation training after reconstruction of posterior cruciate ligament:Case study on an elite male judo athlete

作　　者：韩炜[1] 魏夫超 HAN Wei;WEI Fu-chao(Shandong Sport University,Jinan 250102,Shandong,China;Shandong Weightlifting,Wrestling&Judo Management Center,Jinan 250102,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东体育学院,山东济南250102 [2]山东省举重摔跤柔道管理中心,山东济南250102

出　　处：《山东体育学院学报》2018年第5期86-92,119,共8页Journal of Shandong Sport University

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金计划(青年基金)(编号:ZR2014CQ031)

摘　　要：目的:对优秀男子柔道运动员膝关节后交叉韧带重建术后的康复体能训练进行研究和总结,以期为其他运动员后交叉韧带重建术后康复体能训练目标、任务和方案的制定提供借鉴和参考。方法:根据运动员术后伤病情况和康复目标,从术后第3周开始设计了一个为期16周共三个阶段的康复体能训练方案并予以实施,在整个训练期间,通过对膝关节活动度、最大屈伸力矩、下肢肌肉围度和闭眼屈膝15°单腿站立时间等指标的多次测试,了解左膝关节康复效果并对康复体能训练方案设计的合理性提供评价依据。结果:通过康复体能训练,运动员左膝关节活动度于术后12周恢复至正常水平;至术后18周,左侧下肢肌肉围度与右侧相比几无差距;左侧闭眼屈膝15°单腿站立时间明显增长,但相比右侧有13. 6%的差距;左、右侧膝关节屈伸最大力矩明显提高,且左侧膝关节屈伸最大力矩增长尤为显著,但与右侧仍相差28. 6%和30. 4%;左右侧屈伸最大力矩比值处于正常范围内。结论:通过16周康复体能训练,运动员左膝关节活动度、左下肢肌肉围度和平衡能力恢复较好,左膝关节最大屈伸力矩与右膝相比尚有一定差距,在继续加强左腿肌肉力量和本体感觉训练的同时可开始进行专项技术训练。By summarizing a physical rehabilitation training program designed for a judo athlete with reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament,the purpose of this study was to provide reference for other athletes with reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament.Methods:A physical rehabilitation training program of 16 weeks was designed and implemented.The training began at week 3 after the operation.During the training,indexes including knee ROM,maximum flexion and extension torque,lower limb muscle girth,standing time of single leg with eyes closed and knee bent 15 degrees were tested.Based on the tests,the rationality of the program and the rehabilitation efficacy was no difference between the left lower limb muscle girth and the right side.Standing time of left leg increased significantly,but there was still a gap of 13.6%between the right and the left.The maximum torque of knee flexion and extension of both lower limbs increased significantly,especially the left knee.However,the maximum torque of flexion and extension of left knee was 28.6%and 30.4%worse than that of right knee.The peak toque ration of knee flexion and extension of both lower limbs was in the normal range.Conclusions:ROM of left knee,muscle girth and balance of left lower limb were recovered significantly after 16 weeks of physical rehabilitation training.Compared with the right knee,the maximum torque of flexion and extension of left knee had a certain gap.While continuing to strengthen the left leg muscle strength and proprioception training,specialized technical training could be started.

关 键 词：柔道 膝关节 后交叉韧带 康复体能训练 男子柔道运动员 

分 类 号：G804.55[文化科学—运动人体科学]