几种浸出方法重金属浸出浓度与浸提率差异的研究  

The Differences between Leaching Concentrations & Leaching Rates of Heavy Metals with Different Leaching Methods and the Main affecting Factors

作　　者：桂宸鑫 李东[1,2,3] 胡思扬[2] 袁兴中[1,2,3] GUI Chen-xin;LI dong;HU Si-yang;YUAN Xing-zhong(State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China;School of Resources and Environmental Science,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China;Key Laboratory of Southwest Resources Exploitation and Environmental Hazards Controlling Engineering of Education Ministry,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400030,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学煤矿灾害动力学与控制国家重点实验室,重庆400044 [2]重庆大学资源及环境科学学院,重庆400044 [3]重庆大学西南资源开发与环境灾害控制工程教育部重点实验室,重庆400030

出　　处：《重庆工商大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第6期1-6,共6页Journal of Chongqing Technology and Business University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：煤矿灾害动力学与控制国家重点实验室重点基金资助(2011DA105287-ZD201402)

摘　　要：以某废弃化工厂产生的铬渣,采集的铬污染土壤及配制的铅污染土壤为样品,对比了国内和美国环保几种常见浸出方法的浸出浓度、浸提率并提出相关影响因素;实验结果表明:阳离子(如Cr^(3+)和Pb^(2+))的浸提率主要受到重金属的存在形态、H^+离子的离子交换作用和固态基质的酸蚀这3种因素影响,通常固态基质酸蚀作用影响较大,pH越低,浸出率越高;阴离子(如CrO_4^(2-))的浸提率主要受到OH^-离子的离子交换作用和固态基质的酸蚀2种因素影响,通常固态基质的酸蚀影响大于OH-离子的离子交换作用;浸出浓度同时受浸提率和液固比的影响,可能导致出现高浸提率、低浸出浓度的现象。The leaching effects and main affecting factors were investigated for different leaching methods used in China and USA with chromite ore processing residue from an abandoned chemical plant,chromium-contaminated soil and spiked lead-contaminated soil.Results show that for the cations(e.g.Cr^3+and Pb^2+),their leaching rates are mainly affected by their occurring forms,ion-exchange of H^+and acid etching to solid matrix,and acid etching to solid matrix play the major effects,the lower the pH,the higher the leaching rates.For anions(e.g.CrO4^2-),their leaching rates are mainly affected by ion-exchange of OH^-and acid etching to solid matrix which usually play more significant role than ion-exchange effect.Furthermore,leaching concentrations are affected by leaching rates and liquid-solid ratio,which might result in high leaching rates with low leaching concentrations.

关 键 词：铬污染土壤 铅污染土壤 浸提方法 浸提率 浸出浓度 

分 类 号：X131.3[环境科学与工程—环境科学]